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外媒:中印竞争从地面上升到太空中国在多领域领先

2017-06-09 00:58:33   参考消息

参考消息网6月9日报道 美媒称,6月5日,印度成功发射了一颗“重量级”卫星,成为继美、俄、中、日、欧洲航天局之后,第6个有能力发射重量超过3吨的超级卫星的国家或地区。今年2月15日,印度还曾用自主研发的PSLV-C37运载火箭,成功实现了“一箭104星”发射,打破了俄罗斯在2014年创造的“一箭37星”的世界纪录。据印度媒体《水晶》报道,中国空间项目的官员随后开会讨论了印度的成就,并分析了中国自主的太空项目的商业化可行性,称中国将印度视为空间技术的直接竞争对手。

据美国之音电台网站6月8日报道,分析人士指出,中印之间的竞争正从经济和地缘政治等方面上升到太空领域,尽管国家荣誉和国防战略是两国太空竞争的主要动力,但双方也不乏其他实用性考虑,比如在发展高速通讯基础设施、为他国发射卫星、自然灾害预警以及农作物监测等方面,太空技术都能带来实际效益。

中国多领域领先印度

2016年12月27日,中国发布了第四部航天白皮书《2016中国的航天》,提出将中国全面建成航天强国的发展愿景。中国国家航天局副局长吴艳华在随后对白皮书进行解读时指出:中国计划用15年时间,到2030年左右,跻身航天强国之列。

对于中印之间未来的太空竞赛,印度媒体《水晶》曾发表文章从火星项目、载人航天计划以及登月项目等三个方面作出了比较分析如下:

印度在2013年完成了“火星飞船”的发射之后,已经计划于2018年发射“火星飞船2号”,中国第一颗火星探测卫星将于2020年左右发射。

今年4月17日,中国成功发射了“天舟1号”货运飞船,并与已经在太空运行的“天宫2号”空间实验室成功交会对接,这标志着中国已经能够实现通过货运飞船对空间站进行货物补给,为未来空间站中航天员长期驻留和从事空间科学实验进行支持,中国也成为继美俄之后,第三个开展载人航天计划的国家。

而印度已经无限期暂停了本国的载人航天计划。尽管“印度空间研究组织”一再声称印度有能力研发开展空间实验室项目,但由于印度政府不能确定这个耗资庞大的项目能够为国家带来怎样的实际利益而将这一计划长期搁置。印度的航天科学家曾多次发出警告,一旦中国的载人空间站进入运营阶段,将会向很多有意探索空间的国家开放,印度的头号敌国巴基斯坦或许将比印度更早实现将科学家送进太空的梦想。

同样,印度在登月项目上也已经落后于中国。中国已经成功进行了三次“嫦娥探测器”的发射,并计划于今年发射“嫦娥五号”探测器。该探测器将带有一个着陆器,一个月球表面巡逻装置,以及类似钻机的设备,将完成从月球表面取样并返回的任务。印度的第一次月球探索项目于2008年10月进行,但由于技术原因而未能完成。印度计划于2018年进行第二次登月尝试,其探测器将带有一个着陆器和一个漫游器。

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