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美众议院通过医疗法案 以部分取代“奥巴马医改”

2017-05-05 08:08:42   央广网

新华社华盛顿5月4日电(记者刘阳徐剑梅)美国国会众议院4日投票通过《美国医保法》草案,在废除并替代“奥巴马医改”方案主要内容的立法方面取得进展。

众议院共和党和民主党议员当天就共和党支持的《美国医保法》草案展开数小时激烈辩论。在当天下午的投票中,众议院以217票对213票的结果通过这一草案。

众议院议长、共和党人保罗·瑞安当天说:“奥巴马医改已经失败,我们早应该回归到以病人为中心的医保制度中。”

共和党3月份曾尝试在众议院推动《美国医保法》草案投票,但因共和党内部对该草案仍存分歧,最后撤回了该草案。

本月3日,共和党应部分议员的要求在草案中增加了80亿美元的医保拨款,从而获得了足够的支持。

根据这一草案,美国各州有权保留或申请放弃“奥巴马医改”的关键条款。联邦政府将拨款1380亿美元在未来十年内补贴那些因为取消“奥巴马医改”而导致保费上升的人群。

医疗改革是美国总统特朗普的一大竞选承诺。他曾表示,被称为“奥巴马医改”的《平价医疗法案》让很多美国人医保费用陡增,他将在上任后尽快“推翻并替换”“奥巴马医改”。

草案下一步将交由参议院审议。此间分析人士说,美国民主党和共和党将可能就具体条款继续博弈。

奥巴马医改动了谁的奶酪?

医保是美国政府财政支出的最大项目,每年超过2万亿美元,是经合组织(OECD)国家中最高的。然而,与巨额花费不相称的是医疗保障的低效率。美国人均寿命仅居世界第三十七位。

正是在这样的背景下,奥巴马在2008年竞选时就承诺,一旦当选,首要任务就是彻底改革美国的医疗体系,有效控制不断上升的医保费用。2010年3月,奥巴马推动《患者保护与平价医疗法案》通过,舆论则简称为“奥巴马医改”。2014年1月,法案实施生效。

该法案的核心之一,是要求保险公司对既有病史者不能拒保或提高保费,同时规定,26岁以下的年轻人在找到工作并得到雇主提供的医保前,可继续被涵盖在以父母保险为基础的“家庭计划”中。

奥巴马医改的目标之一是实现“全民医保”。自2013年10月启动医改登记以来,许多美国人依靠政府补贴,生平第一次买到医疗保险。应该说,奥巴马医改本质上是一项扩大社会福利的“良政”。然而,从出台到实施,该法案一直饱受争议,阻力重重。不仅共和党始终不遗余力地阻挠,就连民主党阵营的大产业工会也表示不满。多项民调显示,自2009年以来,反对者始终多于支持者。

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