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杜特蒂成菲总统成定局 称要杀10万罪犯数月消灭腐败

2016-05-10 07:19:11   

社评:杜特蒂大胜,菲律宾外交势必回摆

包括总统选举在内的菲律宾大选9日举行投票,到昨晚本报截稿时,被称为“菲律宾版特朗普”的达沃市市长杜特蒂以约39%的得票率大胜其他竞争者,他当选总统已被看成定局。

杜特蒂现年71岁,当市长20几年,但他说话的狠劲能把特朗普甩出去好几条街。他宣称一旦当选,要数月内消灭腐败和犯罪,“杀10万名罪犯”,用他们的尸体去“填平马尼拉湾”。杜特蒂执政的达沃市以法外追杀罪犯而出名,杜不久前在竞选集会上的豪言壮语是:“忘了人权法吧。”

杜给人们的另一深刻印象是,他的外交设想与阿基诺三世有不小区别,至少他公开说出来的是这样。他反对与中国开战的想法,认为那是“自寻死路”。他还认为阿基诺三世下大力气发起的南海仲裁案“解决不了问题”,主张同中国直接谈判。

这样一位嬉笑怒骂甚于普通人的“另类政治家”得票率压倒所有竞争者,反映了菲律宾人对阿基诺三世执政6年内外政策的强烈不满。过去6年菲经济平均增长6%,在东盟里算高的,但老百姓没有感受到民生的进步,好处都让精英阶层捞走了。此外阿基诺三世煽动民族主义,在南海的大国博弈中完全倒向美国,却未让菲占得任何便宜,选民们也烦了。

物极必反,走遍世界颠扑不破。老百姓最要的是好日子,而不是满足于对民族主义口号大嚼大咽。有报道称,菲律宾40个最有钱家族的财富占了全国总资产的76%,与此同时全国上下盛行腐败,政治世家化,杀戮频出,每次大选都死不少人。作为一种惩罚,阿基诺三世力挺的总统候选人得票率比杜特蒂少了一大截。

当然,杜特蒂要想把菲律宾的内政翻个底朝天,恐怕做不到。他不是大党阀,没有强大政党的团队支持,长期以来政治根据地局限在达沃市,他拿什么去撬动整个国家呢?他宣称数月内消灭腐败,显然是瞎吹。要让犯罪分子从此躲在家里别出来,否则“都得死”,也是说出来给选民解气的。民粹主义盛行的时代,看来大嘴在哪都吃香,无论是菲律宾,还是美利坚,选民越来越吃“哄”。

然而有一样杜特蒂如果想改,是改得动的,那就是外交。调外交不需要很大资源杠杆,它取决于势的推动,以及民意的配合。

而阿基诺三世“联美抗中”搞得走火入魔,钟摆已经荡到了顶。所有分析人士都相信,即使不是杜特蒂当选,任何人成为新的菲律宾总统,都会对菲以卵击石般的狂妄对华政策做出回调。外交回摆的空间在新总统加冕之前就作为一份“厚礼”为他备好了,他要想彰显自己与前总统的不同,展示执政成就,改善对华关系是最近的路。

有一个鲁莽的阿基诺三世在前,至少从外交方向看,下一任总统实在太幸运了,“战略”几乎是现成的。东盟国家几乎都在中美之间寻找“平衡点”,只有菲律宾“死跟美国一个”,结果被赶走的美军又回来成了菲多个军事基地的“实际主人”。马尼拉学习东盟国家在中美之间“不站队”的主流外交政策,是大势所趋。

中国人不会天真到认为菲律宾换一位总统,中菲的南海纠纷就会顿现柳暗花明,美国的南海战略也会因此就失去最重要的支点。美国如今已是南海博弈的主角,菲律宾惹不起它,早已在这一轮的美菲互动中失去了主动。

然而阿基诺三世在位的6年是中菲关系最糟糕的“锅底”,这个判断不仅听上去成立,而且很可能是准确的。至于杜特蒂能把菲同中国的关系往回升的方向带多少,这个问题人们有的是时间慢慢解答。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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