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美国大选“超级星期二” 两党分别在10余州初选

2016-03-01 08:17:37   中新网

原标题:美国大选“超级星期二”多州选战同揭幕

中新网3月1日电综合报道,当地时间3月1日,美国2016年大选将迎来“超级星期二”,届时民主党和共和党将分别在全美超过10个州举行初选。由于这一天将决定两党共计1600多个选举人票的去向,因此被视为是总统候选人提名战中的“关键一战”。

【两党参选人角逐初选 争夺党内代表支持】

初选是美国总统选举第一阶段,通常在大选年年初开始,至6月份结束。初选阶段,民主、共和两党分别在全国50个州和首都华盛顿特区陆续选出参加本党全国代表大会的代表。在此期间,各州产生本州参加全国代表大会的“承诺代表”。

“承诺代表”的人数是确定的,多根据人口数决定。至于他们在全国代表大会上支持哪位参选人,则由各州的两党选民决定,即以预选结果为依据,承诺支持本党的某一参选人。

不过,两党的代表名额分配机制有所不同。民主党一般根据初选中各竞选人的支持率来分配代表数额。共和党在一部分州按竞选人支持率来分配代表数额,在其他州则执行“胜者全得”的规定。

除“承诺代表”外,参加两党全国代表大会的还包括少数“未承诺代表”(民主党称“超级代表”)。他们主要是党内知名人士,可以在党代会前不承诺支持某位候选人。

那么,如何衡量参选人在初选中的表现?这主要要看他们获得的本党“承诺代表”支持的比例,而不取决于选民支持率的高低。参选人如果想要确保赢得总统候选人提名,至少需要获得全国党代会半数以上代表的支持。

根据美联社日前统计,在今年的美国大选中,民主党参选人需获得至少2383个代表名额,共和党参选人则需获得1237个名额,才能赢得提名战。

【多州“同时开花” 提名战前路如何将见分晓】

在漫长复杂的初选阶段,是什么让3月1日这个星期二显得格外重要?真是因为,在初选阶段,许多州都会把选举日期定在大选年年初的某个星期二。试想,一天内开出10余个,甚至是20多个州的初选结果,这无疑会对总统候选人提名战走向产生重大影响。

根据此前报道,今年的“超级星期二”,民主党和共和党将同时在阿拉巴马、阿肯色、乔治亚、马萨诸塞、奥克拉荷马、田纳西、德克萨斯、维吉尼亚、佛蒙特和明尼苏达这9个州举行初选;阿拉斯加州、美属萨摩亚将举行共和党初选,科罗拉多州举行民主党初选。

美联社数据显示,在这一天,民主党参选人将争夺865个党代表名额,这一数字占该党全国代表总数的18%;共和党方面,595个党代表名额虽然明显少于民主党,但却占到了该党全国代表总数的约四分之一。

可见,这个被称为“超级星期二”的一天,不仅会是许多参选人的“决胜日”,还将确认哪些人无法继续,随之也会把更被看好的参选人推向更为激烈的提名战。

责任编辑:张晓伟 CN042
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