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中越海战加速飞豹战机研发 首飞座舱仪表差点散架

2016-03-15 13:59:32   中国新闻网

飞豹战机对地攻击训练

1999年

国防现代化首先是军事思想的现代化。中国的军事理论该大幅度地革新与转型了。中国军工装备的发展在新的战争理论指导下应做出相应的调整。

飞机的发展从来不是一个单纯的技术问题。中航工业经济技术研究院建立了一个新战法研究室。乍一看好像这不是工业部门的事,但实际上,这正是我国军事工业走向成熟的一个表征。总之,一个新的军事时代来临了。

90年代初的海湾战争,美国出动隐身战机F-117多达1200多次,但未曾损失一架飞机,这种造型奇特、行踪诡秘的飞行器,使中国人看到了以 隐身技术、超机动性和超声速巡航为核心的隐身战机,在高技术条件下战争的潜力。在对南联盟的战争中,隐身战机继海湾战争后再一次参战。但在3月28日,价值高达4500万美元的F-117飞机被击落,至今美国也不清楚该机是被何种武器、采用什么方法击落的。同时也可见,世界上不会有任何一种不被破解的武 器,隐身战机也并不神秘。

1999年,是建国50周年,国家按惯例举行国庆阅兵,这一次被称为“世纪大阅兵”。航空工业有一大批飞机将参加阅兵式。当年的夏天,中国航空 工业第一集团新闻办组织了新华社、《科技日报》《经济日报》《北京青年报》等一批记者,来到西安飞机设计研究所和中国飞行试验研究院,围绕参阅飞机的有关 情况,做了多种形式的采访。9月26日,《科技日报》以《中国“飞豹”横空出世》为题,在头版头条发表了记者仇方迎所写的“飞豹”歼击轰炸机有关研发情 况,全国有上百家媒体所转载,有力地振奋了国人精神,在国外也引起很大反响。

70年代的越南战争,美国想尽办法要阻断越军的后方供应线,但始终没有炸断蜚声世界的“胡志明小道”,于是一种既有较大载弹量,又有相当空战能 力的歼击轰炸机成为美军的迫切需求,这样美国拿出了F-15。而苏联在此前则搞出了世界上第一种歼击轰炸机——苏-24。到80年代初,美苏都有近千架远 程轰炸机。1974年的中越西沙之战,暴露了我空军没有歼击轰炸机的短板。从1977年开始,中国走出研制第一代超声速歼击轰炸机的步伐。而1988 年的南沙之战,进一步暴露了我海军航空兵“腿短”的致命问题。加快“飞豹”的研发,成为航空工业的一个必然选择。

“飞豹”经历了“三上三下”,曲曲折折。从1977年立项,到1996年定型,历时18年,仅行业机关与军 队领导参加的现场办公会就达9次。1988年的8月14日,“飞豹”终于实现了首飞。首飞试飞员黄炳新当年是试飞团长(后任中国试飞研究院副院长),首飞 前,他写下了遗书。据当年组织研制的马承麟回忆,“‘飞豹’首飞着陆时前轮摆振,摆得座舱仪表都看不清字,好似要散架了一样,还掉了好几块表,飞机仅差 、20米即冲出跑道”。后期试飞中,甚至经历了试验机在空中飞掉方向舵,居然在黄炳新驾驶下安全返回这样世界航空史上的奇迹。后来,黄炳新成为空军“试飞英 雄”、首批功勋试飞员,并被授予“一级英模”称号。

“飞豹”是中国航空工业第一集团成立后第一种向世人披露的新型军机。这个飞机18年的研制中几次面临干不下去的情况。“三起三落”,“七次风 波”,“两次减重”。经过西安飞机设计所和西飞公司等的长期努力,终于拿到了一款适应海军航空兵需要的,航程远、载弹量大,具有强大空中遮断与突破能力的 先进飞机。

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