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外媒称拿下摩苏尔也无法击垮IS:拉卡更难“啃”

2016-10-27 09:34:56   

10月18日,伊拉克政府军士兵行进在摩苏尔市南部盖亚拉镇前线。新华社发(雅兹尔摄)

10月27日报道外媒称,澳大利亚外长朱莉·毕晓普19日说,对摩苏尔发动的攻势是打击“伊斯兰国”的战斗中的一个“重要里程碑”,毫无疑问夺回这个城市将严重削弱“伊斯兰国”的力量和士气。但是,这还不是一次致命打击。

据澳大利亚洛伊解读者网站10月19日报道称,自2014年6月以来,伊拉克陆军及其盟友用了2年时间进行策划,当时“伊斯兰国”对摩苏尔发动闪电式进攻,打败伊拉克安全部队,抢劫了美国援助的军事装备,而伊拉克陆军不战而逃。现在伊拉克军队打响夺回这个城市的战斗。

有情报显示,许多“伊斯兰国”领导人已经离开摩苏尔,并溜过边境进入叙利亚。眼下他们在那里很可能仍然不受干扰。现在的担心是,“伊斯兰国”可能会从其在叙利亚相对安全的“首都”拉卡重新组织起来,并击败在摩苏尔恢复秩序的努力。一旦伊拉克陆军及其盟友占领摩苏尔,他们就要努力恢复这里的社会秩序,并通过恢复基础设施及其功用和满足人们迫切的人道主义需要来重新获得当地平民的合作,这一点至关重要。

如果不能恢复秩序和信任(是否有一个这样做的可行计划还远未明了),将给摩苏尔以逊尼派为主的人口带来对遭到什叶派民兵组织的报复的恐惧心理,而这可能播下不满的种子,2年前正是这种不满促成了“伊斯兰国”的崛起。或许,对于西方来说更担心的是,遭遇失败的“伊斯兰国”很有可能将注意力转向从其在拉卡的安全基地向国外输出恐怖主义袭击。

从这2个原因来看,在摩苏尔攻势之后立即对拉卡发动精心策划的行动必不可少。

然而不可否认,叙利亚的地缘政治和民族制约因素使得占领拉卡成为一个更加不容易实现的目标。

对摩苏尔发动的攻势是由库尔德武装发动的,获得了伊拉克陆军以及伊朗培训的什叶派民兵和美国突击队员的支持。但是在叙利亚,美国缺少地面合作伙伴。迄今为止,美国在拉卡的战略一直是通过美国和盟军的定点空袭,以及为与库尔德民主联盟党结盟的库尔德人地面部队提供掩护,孤立并削弱“伊斯兰国”。

摩苏尔的安排不太可能(事实上大概是不可能)在拉卡发挥作用,主要是由于土耳其反对它们的库尔德对手控制这个边境城市。

伊朗支持的什叶派民兵的任何参与也是完全不可能的。对主要是逊尼派的人口进行报复的风险是很高的,人们已经在提克里特看到了类似情况。这个城市实现任何持久和平协议的前景几乎是不存在的,因为这里的人仍然完全反对巴沙尔·阿萨德,以及他的伊朗支持者。

最好的局面就是一个主要是叙利亚温和的反对派力量领导对拉卡的行动,并取得胜利。这种可以接受的温和逊尼派反对力量在整个叙利亚冲突中一直难以找到。然而,近日,土耳其支持的叙利亚自由军成功夺回“伊斯兰国”的根据地和预言“末日决战”的达比格,这为人们带来了一些乐观情绪。

尽管土耳其一直明确表示希望与美国在拉卡联合打击“伊斯兰国”,但眼下美国及其在伊拉克的盟友似乎并不着急考虑攻下摩苏尔以后的事情。但是,拉卡的情况毫无进展,而我们忽视它的后果要自负。(编译/刘晓燕)

责任编辑:谢辉 CM026
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