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资料图:中段反导。
参考消息网5月10日报道 外媒称,导弹防御系统旨在让各国不敢发动导弹进攻,或者击败那些发动导弹进攻的国家。然而,目前美国用来拦截中程与远程弹道导弹,保护美国本土的技术只有一种,那就是陆基中段防御系统(GMD),但它的试射成功率不稳定。
据美国《国家利益》双月刊网站5月8日报道称,2004年,为了威慑、挫败朝鲜的威胁,美国仓促在GMD拦截器上搭载外大气层杀伤飞行器(EKV)并投入使用。EKV的功能是在飞行中与拦截器分离,使用制导数据和自带传感器在大气层外识别和摧毁来犯导弹。虽然EKV自使用以来已经进行了一些改进,但是基本设计没有变动。因此,目前用来阻止毁灭性袭击、保护美国本土的是一种11年前的原型技术。
GMD系统的成功率只有50%,在1999年以来的16次试飞中,仅有8次完全成功拦截。最近3次试飞失败中有两次是因为EKV存在问题。即便最近一次在2014年6月进行的试验成功完成,专家也认为这一系统可靠性不足。今后,单靠每次花费约2亿美元的试验是无法改善GMD性能的——我们还需要完善其部件。正因为这个缘故,导弹防御局才在设法重新设计EKV,提升整个架构的稳定性。
导弹防御局局长詹姆斯·叙林中将在呈交参议院防务拨款小组委员会的书面证词中说,重新设计后的EKV将采用模块化、开放式结构以及通用界面,以简化未来的升级改造。改善后的EKV意味着拦截来犯导弹所需使用的拦截器数量减少。2013年3月,美国时任国防部长查克·哈格尔宣布,到2017年GMD系统将加装拦截器,使导弹性能提升50%。但是,如果拦截器的技术是过时的,即便加装更多的拦截器,其价值也是有限的——质量比数量重要。
华盛顿要求更改设计后的EKV能够负责任地保护本土。不对EKV原型进行改进,GMD系统的成功仍然是没有把握的,最终无法跟上威胁的发展脚步。导弹防御局近日宣布,新的EKV设计方案已经接近完工,将以新设计方案为基础,力争2018年制造出改进后的EKV。
责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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