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美在亚太部署两艘航母图谋啥?欲构建新军事秩序

2016-03-18 11:36:23   新华网

美军本月出动大批尖端战斗力量参与韩美年度联合军演,规模堪称数十年之最。其中,13日驶抵韩国釜山作战基地的美国海军“约翰·斯滕尼斯”号核动力航空母舰尤为引人注意。

“约翰·斯滕尼斯”号是美国现役主战航母之一。加上长期部署在日本横须贺美军基地的“罗纳德·里根”号,美军如今在东亚海域拥有两艘核动力航母。

军事专家认为,航母作为战略性武器装备,其部署地点、时机、方式,都具有耐人寻味的战略含义。美军加大航母在亚太地区的存在,不仅表明美国战略重心转向亚太地区的步伐加快,更折射出美国“使亚太地区诸多问题军事化”的倾向。

【“微妙变化”折射“重心调整”】

“约翰·斯滕尼斯”号为“尼米兹”级核动力航母,排水量10.3万吨,可搭载6500人、80多架飞机。20世纪90年代开始服役以来,它主要活动于太平洋和印度洋地区,多次参与美国的海外作战行动,如1998年在阿拉伯海执行对伊拉克南部“禁飞区”的巡逻任务。

中国国防大学战略研究室教授韩旭东接受新华社记者采访时说,“约翰·斯滕尼斯”号服役以来活动频频,不断出现在“热点”地区,“折射出美国某些战略图谋”。而回顾美国以往航母部署的“微妙变化”,不难发现其中包含的战略重心调整。

冷战时期,美国将亚太地区作为其全球称霸战略次重点,在日本横须贺设立军事基地,作为航母母港。韩旭东说:“以横须贺基地为母港的航母在冷战时期为美国与苏联争夺世界霸权发挥了重要作用。”

冷战结束后一段时间内,因受东欧问题和中东问题所困,美国对亚太方向没有给予现在这样的重视。这也反映在航母部署上:1998年至2008年以横须贺基地为母港的“小鹰”号是美军最后退役的常规动力航母,相比当时部署在其他“热点”地区的美军航母显得老旧落后。

随着美国推出“亚太再平衡”战略,加快其全球战略重心向亚太地区调整的步伐,在亚太地区出没的美军航母也在发生“微妙变化”,其中一点就是在横须贺基地以更新更先进的“罗纳德·里根”号替下“乔治·华盛顿”号。

韩旭东说,美国派“罗纳德·里根”号航母驻泊日本,传达的信号或许是“美国要在亚太地区采取主动措施来营造对其有利的安全环境”。

【霸道“常态化”,问题“军事化”】

按照美国海军官方网站和美国媒体的说法,“约翰·斯滕尼斯”号航母1月中旬从华盛顿州布雷默顿港出发,本月初抵达南海,将在西太平洋部署7个月左右。

既然西太平洋地区已经长期部署了同属“尼米兹”级且更新的“罗纳德·里根”号,美军为何又要让“约翰·斯滕尼斯”号从设于东太平洋沿岸的母港“远道而来”,频繁出没于西太平洋海域?

韩旭东认为,美国此举可能包含多重战略意图。除了加大向亚太地区调整海外兵力部署重心的力度,借双重航母编队在西太平洋地区形成强大军事威慑,美国还意在让更多美军航母“事实上存在于西太平洋”,使其“霸道行径成为常态”,从而在亚太地区构建起有利于美国的军事秩序

“美国航母在西太平洋存在的力度可能还会加大,以加速推进在亚太地区构建由美国主导的军事秩序,”他说,“美国显示实力,频频调动航母出没于亚太地区,意在推动亚太地区某些国家倒向美国,或减小某些国家离心于美国的倾向。”

此外,美国在亚太新增航母也折射出,美国正在运用军事手段推动这一地区诸多问题向着有利于自身利益的方向发展。在韩旭东看来,这种运用军事手段的做法,正是美国“贼喊捉贼的传统伎俩”。“实际上,美国正在使亚太地区诸多问题军事化”。(记者郜婕)

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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