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外媒评越军购俄基洛潜艇:性能卓越但制海权有限

2016-02-25 09:48:14   参考消息

资料图:俄罗斯基洛潜艇

原标题:外媒评越南购俄基洛潜艇:性能卓越但制海权有限

核心提示:一些分析家已经表示,潜艇等平台不足以在冲突期间实现海上控制。虽然水面战斗人员容易受到潜艇和远程导弹的攻击,但大量水面舰船会是这一军事规划方面的一个重要部分。

【参考消息网2月24日报道】 日本外交学者网站2月16日发表题为《新潜艇将如何影响越南的南海战略?》的文章,作者为澳大利亚皇家海军官员阮南,编译如下:

2月初,越南人民军海军采购的第5艘基洛级潜艇抵达金兰湾。据媒体报道,这艘俄罗斯造的潜艇去年12月16日搭乘一艘货船起航,并于今年2月2日夜间抵达。

现在在越南海军服役的每一艘基洛级636型潜艇都配有4名越南籍船员。他们得到了俄罗斯顾问的支持。由于越南同俄罗斯的关系得到加强,有关协议中包括一个为特定目的而建造的潜艇支持设施,以便为越南海军采购6艘常规潜艇。

然而,这些新平台将对东南亚的安全天平产生多少影响,这还有待观察。

虽然越南正在按计划接收它的潜艇,但河内最近才部署了第一艘全面运作的基洛级潜艇。同时,新的基洛级潜艇将对越南在南海的海军行动和海上执法行动产生什么影响,这还不清楚。即使有了一艘潜艇充当威慑,越南军事规划者依然需要考虑一些重要的能力空白。此外,正如历史揭示的那样,在两栖领域,于初步的军事行动后增加更多军力以巩固胜利的能力是至关重要的。如果河内从过去就南海争议领土同中国发生的小冲突中吸取教训,它会做得更好。

当然,这并不意味着河内需要采用中国那样的战略。对这个迅速现代化的国家来说,应该考虑至少取得一些能力,以实现有限度的海上控制权。一些分析家已经表示,潜艇等平台不足以在冲突期间实现海上控制。虽然水面战斗人员容易受到潜艇和远程导弹的攻击,但大量水面舰船会是这一军事规划方面的一个重要部分。

虽然基洛级潜艇的交付工作似乎在有序进行,但这些新潜艇发挥全面运作能力还需要几年时间。目前对越南海军来说,在越南军队中服役的一些俄制军事设备才是希望之光。如果越南能增强它的情报、监视与侦察能力,以便为常规攻击提供更好的区域感知和目标数据,新潜艇将得到更好支持。对HS-6L无人机进行投资,也有助于获得更好的战术情报。致力于扩大卫星覆盖范围则能越南加强在南海的区域感知能力。

如果爆发“热”冲突,这些新潜艇将有助于在有限度的行动和海上控制中提供一种能力优势。迄今为止,越南现代化努力的主要目的是更新老旧设备。如果河内的目的是进一步在南海站稳脚跟,越南人要讨论的不仅是基洛级潜艇能提供什么优势,而是何种军事资产能最好地服务于越南的目标。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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