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美韩以核打击进行威慑朝鲜

2016-01-12 11:07:07   王伟 田聿

【环球军事报道】朝鲜实施第四次核试验后,美韩立即启动紧急事态的应对机制,从实时监视朝鲜动向到落实各项攻防措施,忙得不亦乐乎。就在2015年11月,美韩刚宣布发展旨在探测、扰乱、破坏、防御朝鲜大规模杀伤性武器的“4D作战能力”。这次突发的朝鲜核危机,被美韩作为实兵检验“4D作战”是否可行的绝佳机会。

侦察力量第一时间启动

在朝鲜突然宣布“成功试爆氢弹”后,美韩应急机制迅速启动。首先动用的是情报和侦察体系。据美国“全球安全”网站披露,放射性同位素监测是美国刺探朝鲜核活动的主要手段。地下核试验产生的放射性元素会被气流吹到高空。1月6日朝鲜进行核试验后,美国空军就从日本横田基地起飞WC-135W“不死凤凰”大气采样机前往朝鲜东部外海,利用先进的精密探测仪器捕捉朝鲜核试验释放到大气中的放射性微粒子,从中逆向判断朝鲜核爆炸的手段和材料性质。

由于人力收集情报的难度大,且及时性无法满足需求,因此对于此次朝鲜核试验,美韩主要是动用空中和太空侦察力量。美国在朝鲜核试验前就长期对丰溪里核试验场进行监控,并掌握到一些前兆。例如朝鲜核试验前夕,丰溪里周围往往会出现数量众多的通信转发车,以满足现场指挥通信的需要。这种通信转发车通常只有在作战、演习时才会临时部署到这里,而美国“锁眼”系列照相侦察卫星就是抓住这一前兆的关键工具。韩国也动用了“阿里郎-3A号”侦察卫星对朝鲜核基地实施窥探,但它每天只“访问”朝鲜半岛一次,目标过顶时间仅有5分钟,因此在对朝情报收集上不如“锁眼”管用。

美拟抽调反导系统增援

在加强情报监测的同时,美韩军方计划内的防御强化措施也基本落实到位。在朝韩“军事分界线”及西海五岛等前沿地带,美韩军队都提高了警戒级别。据报道,韩军的指挥控制系统已通过美韩联合战场管理系统接入美军自身的全球战斗网络,美韩联军可实时掌握前沿发生的所有军事状况。在驻韩美军群山基地等军事要地,“爱国者-3”反导系统已经严阵以待。

除了加强朝鲜半岛的防御外,美国也做好抽调周边部队的准备。美国《星条旗报》10日称,去年年底刚部署到关岛的“萨德”高空反导系统正加紧修建永备阵地,防范来自朝鲜的导弹威胁。该部队指挥官杰夫里·斯隆中校声称“萨德”系统是“舞水端杀手”,后者是西方给朝鲜中程弹道导弹起的名字,射程超过3000公里,可携带核弹头从朝鲜打到关岛或菲律宾。新美国安全中心研究员帕特里克·克罗宁强调,该系统既可在大气层内4万米以上的高空、也可在大气层外对来袭弹道导弹进行拦截,精准的撞击模式可最大限度减少朝鲜核导弹的威胁。

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