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韩国前外长:美要求日本承担更多安全重担没有用

2014-07-08 15:03:12   环球网

【环球军事报道】据世界报业辛迪加网站7月3日报道,原题:《亚洲的军事革命》,作者:韩国前外交通商部长官 尹永宽,文章称,一场规模庞大的军事革命正在东亚展开。

文章写道,总体来说,促进国际和平有三种方式:加深经济相互依赖,加强民主,建立国际机构。不幸的是,由于东亚的政治领导人没能寻求最后一个目标,因此他们现在正在上演一个世纪前欧洲危险的势力均衡博弈。

文章说,自2008年金融危机以来,中国对于其权威发展模式的信心变得更强了。中国领导人似乎越来越相信,主张重商主义和国家干预的新的“北京共识”已经取代了主张自由贸易和非调控的旧的“华盛顿共识”。

于是,中国与美国意识形态的对立让它们难以和平地实现相对实力的变化。

也正是这种意识形态的差别破坏了东亚机构的发展,而机构可以为该地区确立原则、规定和决策过程。西方大部分国家都通过欧洲安全与合作组织和北大西洋公约组织这样的机构捆绑在一起,而东亚的主要机构东南亚国家联盟地区论坛却过于软弱,无法发挥相似的作用,令该地区深受不受控制的对抗困扰。

文章写道,到目前为止,除了提供口头上的支持,美国和东亚领导人在建立多边安全机构上没什么作为。旨在消除朝鲜核威胁的六方会谈几乎作废,除此之外,亚洲大国拒绝受到国际规则或标准的约束。

文章说,中国领导人似乎认为2008年经济危机和两场对外战争的高昂代价使得美国没资格发挥国际领导作用。这也许可以解释中国最近外交政策的强硬,尤其是与日本在钓鱼岛控制权问题上的争端,而从该问题可能可以看出美日联盟的强度。

文章认为,以这种方式考验美国实力可能是一种危险的误算。尽管经济上走弱,但美国仍是一个军事超级大国。它在东亚的利益可以追溯到19世纪末。就像一个世纪前英国拒绝将海上霸权让给德国一样,美国也不会轻易接受中国对其在西太平洋战略地位的任何挑战,尤其是有这么多东亚国家都在请求美国的保护。

文章说,中日关系尤其令人担忧,20年来日本的经济停滞和中国的快速增长加剧了双方的民族主义情绪。由于已经习惯于将安全问题交给美国解决,并且拥有世界第三大经济规模,日本忽视了发展自己建设性的外交视野。安倍对宪法的重新解释——在地区合作的语言掩盖之下——能否发展这样一种新的视野仍有待观察。

美国要求日本承担更多维护亚洲安全的重担并没有用,这一态度或许在战略和经济上有意义,但却暴露出缺乏对政治背景的理解。美国似乎低估了该地区对日本可能重新武装的担忧。向日本提供外交全权委托后,美国可能会发现自己受制于日本的利益,其结果是日本成为亚洲安全问题的一部分,而不是解决方案的一部分。

文章最后说,亚太地区领导人必须摆脱盲目自满。要启动建立地区合作机构的过程需要作出认真的努力和深远的妥协。否则,大肆宣扬的“亚洲世纪”将成为一个猜疑与危险的时代,无法带来经济繁荣与和平。

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