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揭秘:神舟十一号返回舱曾“消失”2.7秒

2016-11-22 10:27:41   

神舟十一号发射场景

如果把火箭冲天的壮美瞬间比作“太空大戏”的序幕,那么这部剧的结尾高潮,则由某基地着陆场站的官兵上演。几十年来,他们用匠心般的追求,完成了11艘神舟飞船的搜救回收任务,书写了“功勋着陆场站”的传奇。2016年11月18日,在神舟十一号飞船返回舱主着陆场,我们见证了他们又一次完美表现。今天,让我们走近其中几位普通士兵,一起分享他们扎根草原、追星揽舟的精彩航天故事。

黑障“鹰眼”

胡长青:某着陆场站电扫雷达队角度操作手,四级军士长军衔,荣获三等功1次。 田蓬涛摄

“目标丢失!”11月18日13时42分,由于神舟十一号飞船快速飞行与大气剧烈摩擦而进入黑障区,地面与返回舱的通信暂时中断。

此时,在内蒙古白云鄂博回收一号雷达电子车内,胡长青正全神贯注紧盯屏幕,等待捕获即将到来的神舟十一号返回舱。

“1秒,2秒……还未发现目标?!”只听他呼吸压得很紧,双颊开始泛红,感觉他整个躯干像拉满弓的箭,随时准备弹射出去。

“屏引!转大域!”随着指挥员一声口令,切按钮、换选项、引导波束指向,胡长青几乎在瞬间就完成了3个连续动作。

“回收一号发现目标!”返回舱进入黑障区2.7秒后,胡长青如“鹰眼”般犀利的目光,快速准确地捕获到神舟十一号返回舱。

作为飞船返回段的前置雷达站,回收一号是着陆场系统迎接飞船回收测控的第一棒。在飞船再入大气层时,就只有回收一号这一套设备跟踪飞船,传送返回舱飞行数据,而胡长青就是该设备的角度操作手。

“操作手无论如何都要跟住目标!”从神舟八号开始,胡长青就担任了“回收一号”雷达角度操作手。

然而,在广袤苍穹中运行的返回舱如同沧海一粟,要及时准确发现并不是一件容易的事。返回舱在进入大气层时的飞行速度能达到每秒七八公里,角度操作手不仅要时刻掌握雷达角度和角速度,还要在脑中形成清晰的目标运动趋势。这些动作基本上是同时进行的,几乎没有反应时间。

在目标进入雷达搜索距离范围到着陆短短300秒内,胡长青要按照任务指挥手册和目标捕获方案,执行多达66次动作。

那么,他是如何确保完成既定动作并快速捕获目标的?他的回答是要做到稳准快,“稳就是要平稳控制天线,同时保持心态的沉稳;准就是要完成动作准确无误,查找问题冷静精准;快就是要反应敏捷操作快速,面对突发情况足够果断。”为实现人与装备的最优结合,胡长青对微小信号目标发现捕获、高仰角过顶跟踪、偏航跟踪等难点重点内容,进行了成千上万次模拟演练。

“他对几十套预案的处置游刃有余,就像条件反射一样自然。”高工孙玉柱这样评价胡长青的过硬素质。

“神舟九号”任务准备期间,为解决人工推算等待点容易造成失误的问题,胡长青操作雷达,实现了返回舱出“黑障”目标丢失后的自动搜索捕获,创造了返回舱出“黑障区”5.7秒重新捕获的新纪录。

“嫦娥”探月工程三期再入返回飞行试验任务中,胡长青采用雷达弱小目标和目标出“黑障”前后目标丢失快速重捕策略,使目标进入“黑障”前后仅丢失不到3秒,任务空前圆满。

“反复练习,将每个动作都做到极致。”有人问胡长青成功秘诀时,他一脸谦虚地说。

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