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俄三邻国争中国过境货运 俄:不威胁西伯利亚铁路

2016-10-14 20:34:18   

参考消息网10月14日报道俄媒称,哈萨克斯坦铁路公司发布新闻公告称,哈萨克斯坦、阿塞拜疆和格鲁吉亚三国铁路部门日前签署了组建“跨里海国际运输通道协会”的相关文件。此举意在推动穿越上述国家的道路设施建设,将之打造为欧亚大陆最重要的交通走廊。

俄罗斯《消息报》10月13日发表题为《对中国过境货运的争夺日趋激烈》的报道称,协会的主要工作是吸引更多的过境及外贸物资,开发沿线的物流产品。为提升竞争力,它还需要解决一系列的技术性问题,打破行政壁垒。专家认为,正是由于上述瓶颈的存在,令这条跨里海的运输走廊暂时无法对俄罗斯形成强有力的竞争威胁。

报道称,俄西伯利亚大铁路运输协调委员会秘书长根纳季·别索诺夫指出:“这一线路的推出已经为人所知,它成立了委员会,进行过运输测试,但目前并无稳定的货流。唯有技术条件成熟,才能吸引货运。这是至关重要的因素。跨里海国际运输通道现在还不具备成熟稳定的物流交通流程。”

别索诺夫分析道,正在酝酿中的新通道面临不少困难,不只是它在三国境内的具体走向,由于包含里海轮渡运输的环节,所以需要额外的装船卸货作业。轮渡环节加大了精准预测货运周期的难度,何况通过南欧港口的海运价格并不高,耗时约35天,一言以蔽之,“有关跨里海通道在价格和时间上的竞争优势尚属奢谈”。

俄罗斯铁路运输问题研究所所长帕维尔·伊万金也认为,里海线路暂不构成竞争威胁,因为使用轮渡、因轨距不同而更换车轮只会带来额外开销,“这条路线的主要劣势是基础设施限制和价格。如今看来,它更像是一个政治性而非纯粹的运输项目,当然,我们不能忽视它”。据伊万金评估,倘若所有基建方面的障碍得以解决,这条线路每年可以承担近500万吨的货运量,“但它达到这一负荷的时间不会早于2020年”。

别索诺夫认定,西伯利亚大铁路目前是没有竞争对手的,它的流程保障和服务都相当完善,货运周期也极为精确。

俄罗斯铁路公司物流集团的销售高管亚历山大·巴斯卡科夫透露:“目前,从中国大多数地区发出的货物,若使用提速后的集装箱列车,抵达欧洲平均耗时14天。”目前,这一方向的货流每年都在成倍增长,中-欧-中方向上的过境运输总量约为12万-13万标准集装箱,其中俄铁物流与旗下的子公司远东路桥占到了近70%的份额。目前最炙手可热的线路是南线(经哈萨克斯坦的多斯特克)、北线(经俄罗斯的外贝加尔斯克)和中线(经蒙古的扎门乌德)。

报道称,据俄罗斯铁路公司、白俄罗斯铁路公司和哈萨克斯坦铁路公司共同组建的统一运输物流公司的估算,亚-欧-亚线路的总货运规模接近2200万标准集装箱,中国便占了近1600万。

单是在欧亚经济联盟区域内,统一运输物流公司自年初以来便发车762趟,将6.8万标准集装箱的货物从中国发往欧洲方向并折返。集装箱列车运营多斯特克/阿拉山口-布列斯特-多斯特克线路,全程5430公里,耗时5.4天,算下来单日里程逾千公里,至2017年,速度有望提至每天1150公里,今年的货运量预估为9万标准集装箱。该公司人士告诉《消息报》:“当我们专注于一个运输走廊的运营时,增效手段很多且潜力极大。单是今年,我们便帮助开发了28条中国-欧洲的往返集装箱货运线路,平均每周发车20次左右。”(编译/童师群)

资料图片:在江苏省连云港港区内的亚欧大陆桥铁路运输专线站场,准备运往哈萨克斯坦的过境集装箱在装车(2014年6月27日摄)。新华社记者 孙参 摄


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