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长征七号垂直转运技术国际先进 中国第四个掌握

2016-06-23 10:48:54   中国军网

长征七号垂直转运技术达到了怎样的国际先进水平?海南航天发射场吊装分系统指挥员张再经日前表示,我国是第2个掌握“单轨差速转弯行走技术”的国家,也是继美国、欧空局、日本之后第4个掌握“发射平台转弯行走技术”的国家(机构)。

23日上午8时开始,经过平稳行驶约3小时后,执行首次飞行试验任务的长征七号运载火箭与搭载载荷组合体的活动发射平台沿着长长的钢轨,安全、准确、流畅地转运至发射塔架,首次在世人面前露出真容。这次成功转运有哪些精彩看点?记者在转运现场采访了被称为垂直总装“01”的指挥员张再经。

转运现场(杨志远摄)

记者:这次火箭垂直转运,和过去比较有什么不同?

张再经:这次长征七号运载火箭采用改进后的垂直总装、垂直测试、垂直转场“新三垂”测发模式,缩短了火箭在发射区的射前准备时间,有效提高了发射可靠性。这项技术整体达到国际先进水平。

记者:此次垂直转运,长征七号运载火箭在铁轨上一共拐了4个弯,才到达发射阵地。为什么拐弯?

张再经:是因为要和长征五号运载火箭共用一个转运轨道,节省占地面积。

记者:我们做两条直的不行吗?

张再经:做两段直的,就把这一段的生态给破坏了。海南文昌发射场设计规划时,理念就是生态、环保。为了铺设这样一条绿色环保又安稳可靠的通天大道,发射场的建设者们付出了大量心血。特别是新一代火箭都是重量级的大个子,对轨道的要求极高。为了保证焊接质量,我们自主研发了气压焊焊接起重机轨等施工技术。

记者:转弯行走比直行难度要更大。长征七号运载火箭组合体高有60多米、重达2000多吨。要让这样一个庞然大物实现顺利转弯,对技术支持上有特殊要求吗?

张再经:由于火箭转场时“头”部包裹着卫星,行走起来“头重脚轻”,因此要“小步慢行”。汽车转弯,转动方向盘就能轻松完成,火箭转弯则要依靠活动发射平台。这个长26 米、宽23米、重1800 吨的“大家伙”转弯,远没有那么简单。经过研究人员计算,最大转弯角度在60 度左右时,火箭转弯最省劲儿。

记者:听说此次长征七号运载火箭组合体垂直转运,采用了“单轨差速转弯行走技术”。这项技术有什么突破?

张再经:这是航天发射支持系统的一次重大突破,让我国运载火箭活动发射平台转弯行走实现了“零”的突破。目前,除日本外,我国是第2个掌握“单轨差速转弯行走技术”的国家,也是继美国、欧空局、日本之后第4个掌握“发射平台转弯行走技术”的国家(机构),缩短了我国在发射设备领域与其它航天大国的差距。

记者:这次成功垂直转运,标志着什么?

张再经:当长征七号火箭踏上这个轨道时,就意味着首飞进入了倒计时。海南文昌航天发射场和中国新一代中型运载火箭将一起迎来“首秀”!

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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