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最新研究:南海珊瑚骨骼“记录”中国近代战争

2016-06-08 10:38:00   观察者网

南海的珊瑚骨骼与鸦片战争能扯上关系?科学家的最新研究表明:不仅能,而且高度吻合。

中国科学技术大学刘羿副教授与加拿大特伦特大学孙若愚博士合作,对过去200年我国南海珊瑚中汞含量进行研究,发现汞含量变化与一些重要战争密切相关,并在第二次世界大战期间达到顶峰。该研究成果以“中国南海北部二百年的珊瑚骨骼记录了中国近代战争汞污染”为题,近日发表在地学环境领域国际顶尖杂志《环境科学与技术》上。

第一次鸦片战争期间使用的炸药可能在当地珊瑚留下痕迹。

原来,珊瑚碳酸钙骨骼在形成过程中,海水中汞离子能够取代半径类似的钙离子,从而进入到珊瑚骨骼结构中。研究者通过复杂的化学流程,从海南岛龙湾地区生长200年的珊瑚礁中分离出珊瑚骨骼中的“晶格结合态汞”,然后利用微量汞纯化、分析技术,准确测得不同年份珊瑚骨骼中“晶格结合态汞”的含量。他们发现,在过去200多年间,珊瑚中汞的含量出现多个短暂而明显的峰值:除了1980和1990年区间的峰值可能与中国南方沿海的工业化和城市化有关外,其余几个峰值与第一次鸦片战争、第二次鸦片战争、第二次世界大战等重要战争在时间和战争规模上非常吻合。

钟形滨珊瑚

他们查阅相关历史资料和文献发现,硝酸汞在19世纪初就开始大量应用到军火和炸药生产中,海战时使用的弹药可能会向大气中排放大量的汞。在海洋和大气接触面上,海水可以通过“海水喷雾”作用,释放大量的氯原子和溴原子,从而快速氧化大气中的汞,使其快速沉降到海洋中。沉降到海洋中的溶解态汞,通过珊瑚的钙化作用进入到珊瑚的骨骼中,从而留下了永久的印记。

该研究一经发表便吸引了国际媒体的关注。《科学》杂志“科学新闻”专栏详细报道了该研究,并邀请了国际该领域相关的科学家进行广泛讨论。哈佛大学大气化学家Horowitz博士受邀在美国《科学》杂志评价该项工作时说:“该发现为研究历史时期大气汞的行为提供了新的视角。过去一直认为汞在大气中是一个长距离传输的元素,其大气滞留时间达到一年甚至更长的时间,而现在正考虑把这个时间修改到月的级别”。(来源:人民网等)

责任编辑:张海潮
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