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专家:南海舆论战别让美牵着走 媒体需更多支持

2016-04-01 11:43:47   

据美国媒体报道,近日,美国海军提康德罗加级导弹巡洋舰“钱瑟勒斯维尔”号(USS Chancellorsville CG-62)近期结束了在中国南海的行动,返回母港横须贺。美媒公开疑似中国海军战舰对“钱瑟勒斯维尔”号进行监视警告的画面。

南海舆论战,不能让美国牵着走

丁 刚

在中美有关南海问题的舆论战中,美国又先走一步。《纽约时报》近日接连刊发两篇报道,均涉及南海问题。其中一篇还详细引述了中美军舰在南海相遇时的“隔空对话”。

不难想见,《纽约时报》之所以能有这篇报道,是因为美国海军给了该报记者采访“特权”,甚至提供了舰上军官的军衔与姓名,包括一名华裔军官。美军正是靠着这位华裔军官,向紧随美舰的中国军舰用中文传递了信息。美国方面军媒配合,当然不是为了做一篇中立性的报道,而是为了宣扬他们的“南海观”,渲染“中国军事威胁论”。

《纽约时报》对美方这一立场也十分配合。这篇报道的中文标题就是《危险的寒暄:当中美战舰在南海遭遇》。文中还详细引述了美军将领对南海所谓“紧张局势”的看法。这篇文章的报道时间也是精心选择的,《纽约时报》安排在习近平主席出访美国时刊发了这篇报道,而该报几乎同时刊发的一篇新闻分析也与南海相关,标题是《“习奥会”聚焦南海,中美走向克制?》

可以想象,今天很多国家的网络和媒体都会转引这两篇文章,尤其是第一篇,因为它有很多看上去很能“引人入胜”的中美军舰的“对话”细节。接下来,阅读这一报道的读者就会对美国在南海问题上的立场有更为完整了解,甚至会顺着文章报道的思路去质疑中国的南海政策。

当然,中国媒体可以就此进行反驳,或者拿出自己的第一手材料,去让世界各地的读者判断:谁说的是真话,谁说得更在理。但在互联网高速传播的今天,反驳有时反而会引起受众对被反驳者更多的关注,吸引他们去看原文。这样做会有正面效应,但往往也会陷入因议题设置能力缺失而处于被动境地。长期被动的应对意味着放弃主动“出击”,会导致引领舆论能力的下降。

当代舆论场竞争是时效性的竞争,更是议题设置能力的竞争,在关键时候,用关键材料,以关键方式传播出去,就已经先胜一局。

南海问题是当前中美关系的一个重要话题,无法回避。中国媒体要想在这一问题上增强中国声音的传播效果,必须要有抢先设置话题的意识和能力。而媒体的这一能力也需要得到政府和军方更多的支持。试想,《纽约时报》记者如果没有美国军方的支持,怎么可能得到那么多具体信息呢?

从长远看,我们需要增强反驳的时效性、强度和能力,但更需要培育议题设置能力。媒体的议题设置能力应当上升到战略层面去认识,并形成一个有效的机制。▲(作者是人民日报社高级记者和人大重阳金融研究院高级研究员)

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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