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解放军精锐部队遭遇观念难题

2015-12-21 14:26:29   中国新闻网

资料图:济南军区部队演习

风起塞外,沙场点兵。今年年初以来,济南军区4支劲旅参加跨区演习,在近似实战的环境中,接连与高手过招。

比输赢更可贵的是检讨意识。硝烟初散,9月底至10月中旬,济南军区领导带队,逐个参演部队进行复盘检讨,全区百余将校同步参训,共查矛盾问题,共研对策措施。

回望沙场,从机关到基层、从将军到士兵,仗到底怎样打、兵究竟怎样练……一连串问号,如击鼓之槌,敲在官兵心头。

练兵打仗,最难的是转变思想,最迫切的也是转变思想

参加“跨越-2015·三界B”演习的某装甲旅在复盘检讨时,“新型作战力量”这个词被屡屡提起——

演习前,上级配属该旅的陆航、电抗、特战等新型作战力量,被官兵寄予厚望。可结果不尽如人意,因未有效开辟机降场和空中走廊,12架次机降行动被蓝方击落4架、击伤3架;因习惯于单打独斗,11个特战小分队中8个表现一般……

直升机来了、特种兵来了,战斗力就增强了吗?济南军区军训部领导的话一语中的:问题出在“大脑”。脑子里没有联的思维、融的体系,再多的新型作战力量也于事无补!时代变了,战场变了,作战样式变了,只有从“头”变起,身子才能迈进现代战争的门槛。

可问题是,思想观念、行为习惯……哪一个是能轻易跨过的坎?哪一道又是能举手抹平的沟?

随着复盘检讨深入,更多指战员在反思败笔中有了自己的“战地思考”:练兵打仗,最难的是转变思想,最迫切的也是转变思想。只有转变思想,才能战胜积习;只有战胜积习,才能打败敌人。

从中深受震撼的某团团长厉建西,“转变思想”后的“第一把火”,就“烧”到了该团夜训“近战歼敌”这一训法打法:近战歼敌曾是部队夜战惯用打法,也是团队抗美援朝战场上夜袭屡屡得手的法宝,可再辉煌的过去终究过去了!

某炮兵团团长柳华林“学成归来”,组织团队火力打击演练,炮兵群化整为零,参演一个团,不见几门炮。可官兵却发现:“不仅打得更准了,挨打也少了。”

只有像设计战争一样设计训练,才能像训练一样打仗

“低空目标预警率尚不到一半!”

参加“火力-2015·山丹D”演习的某防空旅官兵发现:面对蓝方先进的战机、超低空快速隐蔽突防的战法,再加上演习地域山地多、雷达盲区大,第一回合结束,他们的战果远不及平日训练成绩。

演习中,导演部一改固定航向、固定高度、固定速度和直线飞行的射击条件,临机指定射击阵地、临机抽取实弹课题、临机放飞靶机靶弹、全程复杂电磁干扰,官兵们不得不承认,击落靶机较以往明显减少。

“反思平常训练,枪打了、弹投了、炮响了就是实战化了吗?首发命中就能打仗吗?百发百中就是标准吗?”复盘检讨时,军区领导的这3个问题,令台下百余将校深受触动。

反观配属某机步旅参演的某陆航团官兵,“跨越-2015·朱日和I”演习中,他们飞行38架次,击中目标74次、击毁目标52个,被总部誉为今年系列演习中“陆航作战最好的单位之一”,谈及经验,该团领导就几个字:平常训练,用实战标尺卡。

复盘检讨中,军区出台《实战化训练规定》《端正训风演风考风“七不准”》等规定,要求部队真正做到训练环境真、训练内容难、训练考核严、训练作风实。

上级竖起“练即战”的风向标,部队自然能找准“练即战”的训练标尺。

演习中吃了苦头的某炮兵旅出台《关于进一步加强实战化训练的意见》,制订加大外训难度、增强“三实”训练实战味等21条具体措施,并摈弃以往天气恶劣不训少训的做法。某防空旅告别以往单打独斗的训练模式,主动与友邻空军、陆航部队、电抗部队建立协作训练机制。

发现问题只是起点,解决问题才是终点

类似怕啥来啥的事,其他两个参演部队也有不少。

复盘检讨中,某旅从旅长到班长,百余官兵逐个上台查摆问题,情报获取、组织指挥、部队行动、战法打法等7类近百个问题被一一“晒”了出来。

可主动揭短亮丑,并没换来军区领导表扬。

“扪心自问,有多少问题是似曾相识的?又有多少问题是久拖不决的?对部队战斗力而言,演习过后,发现问题只是起点,解决问题才是终点!”

对此,某防空旅旅长金宏鹏深有感触。前年,部队参加军区组织的实弹演习,面对低空突防的“敌机”,该旅某型高炮分队因无雷达情报支援只能望“机”兴叹。演习结束,该旅集智攻关,历时两年研制空情传输系统,成功将某型雷达空情连接至高炮分队。在“火力-2015·山丹D”演习中,借助空情传输系统,该旅高炮分队大出风头。“真正把演习暴露出的问题解决了,才能叫打一仗进一步!”该旅领导深有感触地说。

为切实做到用一抓到底的韧劲整改问题,军区“现场办公”,特别是对参演部队难以解决的74项具体问题,军区按照“谁的问题谁抱走”的原则,把责任具体到机关业务部门,明确责任人和整改时限,并建立“回头看”制度,定期检查问题整改情况。

前不久,军区一场实兵演习激烈上演,与以往不同的是,参演双方是一年前刚在此厮杀过的某红军师和某机步旅,作为去年演习的“下篇文章”,此次演习目的就是检验双方去年演习所暴露问题的整改成效。这次演习,为全区部队树立了扎实整改问题的“风向标”。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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