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澳专家:美日若不给中国权利 中国将用国运争取

2014-08-13 09:40:20   环球网

文章认为,习近平是自毛泽东以来中国最坚决、最爱国的国家主席。图为青年习近平。

【环球军事报道】澳大利亚洛伊国际政策研究所网站8月12日文章,原题:荣誉、声望和克制 休·怀特(澳大利亚中国问题专家——编者注)认为,中国的规模、野心和能力使它无法融入当前秩序,中国要求改变环境。安德鲁·菲利普斯(同为澳大利亚国际问题专家)着重谈中国的选项有限。他认为,中国改变、削弱或离开当前秩序的能力,远比许多人认为的有限。

安德鲁说得对,中国短期内不能拒绝当前秩序。眼下,中国建设新秩序的能力有限,但我们不应认为这种状况会永远持续。

最关键的是,对于安德鲁的结论——当前秩序容易加入,难以推翻——北京并不认同。在中国领导人看来,当前秩序难以接受。安德鲁和其他学者认为,当前地区秩序是全球化的产物,它的形成受到多国影响。但是,这高估了非华盛顿方面的影响,忽视了当前秩序不论源自哪里,均赋予美国特权,扩大对中国的不利。

休的观点最有说服力。他坚称,中国与其他国家不同。当前应对中国崛起的一大问题是,北京认为自己面对的是“要么接受,要么拉倒”的选择——“这个秩序对你我都好,上船吧北京,这样人人都是赢家”。但中国不这样看。中国认为这种秩序保护美国的优势,而中国的贸易和能源流动易受破坏,利益也受到限制。

随着中国的发展,至少今后10年,中国的“失意感”将只增不减。习近平是自毛泽东以来中国最坚决、最爱国的国家主席。他担任领导人期间,很难想象中国突然乐于接受美国的霸主地位。因此,中国会继续厌恶它认为有害自身利益的格局,会继续发展“替代方案”,会继续周密审慎地试探当前秩序。

中国对地区的看法受到荣誉和声望问题的强烈影响。对北京来说,要找到自己满意的地区秩序,关于威信和荣誉的深层问题必须得到满足。

目前我们手头的工作是,思考如何将现有秩序打开一个缺口,给中国坚持权利的机会。这种秩序既要保留自由的特质,又要承认中国独特的需要和利益。问题在于,美国、澳大利亚、日本和其他国家摆出的姿态正在关闭那些机遇。最重要的是,当前地区秩序的基础结构需要更多灵活性。如果做不到这些,我想,中期而言,中国会以一种关乎存亡的方式试探当前秩序。▲(作者尼克·比斯利,汪析译)

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