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美媒:中日若开战 盟友必须要理解美国存在些限制

2014-06-23 14:21:29   环球网

【环球军事报道】据美国《国家利益》双月刊网站6月21日报道,原题:《如果中日开战,美国会怎么做?》。文章称,奥巴马政府已经制定了重返亚洲战略。有关这一战略的一个方面并未得到充分认识,即华盛顿加强了对其盟友安全的承诺,而且美国在履行这一承诺时可能会付出生命和财富的代价。

美国总统奥巴马最近访问日本时首次宣布,钓鱼岛由于受到日本管控,所以处于美日安保同盟的保护之下。多位美国高官此前已经作出过这种表述。

奥巴马将会怎么做?文章称,考虑到日前他在西点军校发表的演讲,谁能真正知道答案呢?上述演讲中充斥着陈腐的理想主义,没有什么实质内容,是戴维·罗特科普夫(美国《外交政策》杂志首席执行官)所谓的奥巴马“沃尔玛式外交政策”的老调重弹(罗特科普夫认为,奥巴马演说可归纳出一个重点,就是他的外交政策倾向于低成本、低风险,与美国连锁超市沃尔玛的营运作风如出一辙)。

文章称,这直指美国亚洲再平衡战略的核心,并暴露出其根基中的一个致命缺陷。奥巴马是否愿意向美国民众解释,为何美国人应该为了保护一堆名称可笑的岩石而牺牲生命——大部分美国人甚至都无法在地图上找到这些岩石?考虑到奥巴马的政治资本有限且仅有两年半就将下台,他是否愿意解释为何要在形势并不明朗的情况下卷入一场许多人认为并不符合美国国家利益的冲突?换种方式来考虑这一问题——在中国没有明确“入侵”钓鱼岛的情况下,他会无条件地支持日本吗?或是从更为宽广的角度看,美国会在何种形势下前去拯救亚洲?

文章认为,这些无疑都是些可怕的问题。或许这就是日本首相安倍晋三在最近举行的香格里拉对话期间作出那种反应的原因。或许这就是澳大利亚人正考虑在相关地区以及全球范围内发挥更大作用的原因。美国或许有某些意图,却可能没有实施行动的意愿,哪怕是为了与其签署同盟条约的盟友。

文章称,暂且后退一步。如果奥巴马确实为在前文所述的情况下进行干涉找到了合理解释,美国民众将对此作何反应?如果大多数美国人不支持美国在叙利亚的军事行动,他们会支持因钓鱼岛、仁爱礁,或亚太地区其他任何有争议岛屿或暗礁而发动的战争吗?很明显,亚洲的现状一旦遭到破坏,美国的国家利益将处于危险之中。但在如今这个语音信息和社交媒体盛行的年代,能否对上述利益加以言辞修饰,以至于让美国人愿意为钓鱼岛、为某块暗礁,甚至为某种语焉不详的国际秩序舍身赴死呢?

笔者深信,美国必须对其亚洲外交政策进行再平衡。华盛顿也的确应对其盟友施以援手,但是要在不牺牲美国人的生命或其条约盟友没有直接入侵的情况下。然而,很难在不久的将来看到某位美国总统能够提出这样的观点。

文章称,需要明确的是,这并非支持美国以任何方式或任何形式放弃其亚洲盟友。笔者坚信,美国值得为维护亚太地区和范围更广的印度洋-太平洋地区的当前国际秩序而战。美国的繁荣和安全是建立在华盛顿及其盟友于第二次世界大战之后创建的国际秩序基础之上的。一旦这一秩序被颠覆,美国人会发现自己所处的国际环境不再那么安全和稳定。

然而,文章认为,华盛顿的亚太盟友必须明白,美国针对该地区的再平衡战略存在一些限制。如果它们不理解这一点,亚洲或许会在危机爆发时感到措手不及。(作者为该刊执行总编哈里·卡齐亚尼斯)

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