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法媒:美国的亚太架构没有中国是令人不安的问号

2014-04-25 13:58:51   环球网

【环球军事报道】法国欧洲时报网4月25日文章,原题:奥巴马在亚洲应三思而行

美国总统奥巴马4月23日抵达东京,开始他的亚洲四国行。由于三年前美国宣布重返亚太战略之后,亚洲地区局势不断升温,因此奥巴马此行受到普遍关注,因为关心国际时事的人都知道,这绝非纯粹礼节性的访问,而世界第一强国的任何重要举动甚至表态都可能产生难以预料的连锁反应。

从美国官方的地缘政治解释来看,亚洲经济增长活跃,代表着未来,而美国在这一地区既要谋求其巨大的经济利益,就必须有相应的军事存在。因此,跨太平洋经济战略伙伴关系(TPP)以及到2020年美国要将60%的军力转移到亚太地区便成了美国重返亚太战略的核心。由于美国国内、国外形势的变化等多种原因,奥巴马近两年来似未能全力以赴地推行其亚太战略,因此,推动实现上述经济与军事两大愿景便成了此次美国总统亚洲行的重头戏。

问题是,在这出戏里,见不到当今世界舞台上的另一个主角——中国,而没有中国参与的亚太构划,对有关国家来说,都只能是一个巨大的、令人不安的问号。

美国一再表示,重返亚太战略并非针对中国,此说多少有点“此地无银三百两”的味道。试想,计划包括十二个亚太国家的TPP却将世界第二号经济大国、地地道道的亚洲国家中国排除在外,如果不是为了排斥、遏制甚至利用TPP要挟中国,还能有什么目的?将百分之六十的军力转投亚太,又口口声声说要保护日、韩、台、菲等盟国,难道只是为了对付朝鲜或某一个纯属想像的对手?

美国的盟友日本显然没有那么多语言上的顾忌。不论是在经济上还是在军事上,日本首相安倍在接待美国总统时都直言不讳地宣称要与美国一起“为了亚太的和平与繁荣”起到“主导作用”。不言自明,此话在经济上只能解读为美日制定规则、可以接受中国在美日主导下的参与。难道这是对待另一个大国的应有的平等态度吗?在军事上,日本从美国重返亚太战略中最先捕捉到美方怂恿的信号,立即下手将钓鱼岛“国有化”,然后一再以中国的军力增长和军事威胁为借口,全然不顾曾发动侵略战争、造成人类巨大灾难的前车之鉴,推动修改集体自卫权条例,使日本军队重获发动战争的能力,与此同时,日本还解除了军火出口的禁令。

正因为美日在遏制中国崛起上有近似立场,日本才会变得如此毫无顾虑,甚至以协助美国制约中国的姿态乘机扩军。日本执政党高官、前防卫厅长官石破茂近期发表演讲时称,随着中国力量的壮大,美国的相对影响力正在减弱,日本必须认真思考如何避免战争,他甚至提出建立亚洲版北大西洋公约组织,以应对中国的崛起。

美国总统访问日本时,虽然未回应“亚太版北约”的提议,但不顾中方的反对和警告,首次明确将中日争议岛屿钓鱼岛划入日美安保条约范畴,选择了一个特殊的场合来表现美方的“选边站”,开了一个危险的先例。从日方政要一而再、再而三地参拜供奉有甲级战犯的靖国神社来看,中、韩等亚洲邻国有关日本从未真正反省战争罪行的指称并非杜撰,美国并非不了解当今日本政要的危险企图,但却出于遏制中国的需要而纵容对方,这绝不符合“负责任大国”的形象。

因为,无论从道义还是从策略来看,这都是不负责任的行为:从道义上说,奥巴马无法向美国民众交待,靖国神社不仅对包括安倍在内的日本政要有无比神奇的吸引力,它还有将空袭珍珠港列为“对世界和平巨大贡献”的纪念馆,更不用说美国的这种特殊选边站刺伤了无数中国、韩国民众的心;从世界局势和发展的角度来看,美国以遏制中国为目的的重返亚太战略从一开始就成为制造冲突的重要原因,它的负面效应必将随着美日的一意孤行而进一步加剧,这无论对亚太的局势还是对世界的未来都不是好事,也不符合美国的长远利益。因此,希望奥巴马在亚洲能三思而行。

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