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中美陷入“新冷战”?美媒文章:言过其实

2019-02-10 14:57:44   参考消息 

原标题:中美陷入“新冷战”?美媒文章:言过其实

参考消息网2月10日报道 美国《华盛顿邮报》网站2月8日刊登题为《与中国的“新冷战”被夸大了,这是原因》的文章,作者是美国波士顿大学助理教授乔舒亚·希弗林森。全文摘编如下:

中美之间的一场“新冷战”迫在眉睫——或已经出现?许多分析家称,中美两国正走向类似于上个世纪美苏之间的那种对抗。

不过这种担心有些言过其实。以下有四条主要理由。

一、两种关系的历史背景大相径庭

冷战开始时,美苏关系极为脆弱,两国几乎没有有意义的外交、经济或机构联系。

中美之间的情况则大不相同。自上世纪70年代以来,两国的外交互动、机构联系和经济往来都急剧增加。诚然,过去十年存在关系紧张,但这些都是在总体上合作的背景下发生的。

二、地理和大国核态势表明东亚比冷战时期的欧洲更加稳定

激烈的军备竞赛、核态势和危机形成了冷战,尤其是在欧洲大陆。

如今,中美两国的核态势不那么具有威胁性:两国的武器库远远没有冷战时期美苏武器库的规模大,范围也没那么广,而且都保持在较低的警戒状态。至于地理方面,东亚地区还未出现类似于冷战时期欧洲的那种紧张局势。

三、冷战只有两个大国

冷战发生在一个两极世界。2019年,我们是否又回到两极世界,这一点现在还不清楚。大多数分析家认为,其他一些国家将在东亚安全事务中扮演重要角色。譬如,俄罗斯仍受益于过去的军事投入,印度在经济和军事上正在发展,而日本正在开始建设能力强大的军事力量,同时其经济实力仍然不可小觑。即便这些国家现在没有中美两国强大,但他们的存在也使得外交安排比美苏竞争时期更加易变,安全关切更加广泛。

四、意识形态在中美关系中作用不大

不可否认,中美之间存在着关系紧张。然而,我们现在看到的并非是一场“新冷战”,而是1945年前大国政治形式的一种回归。是什么东西变了?简言之,美国不再拥有冷战刚刚过后作为唯一超级大国的那种地位。


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