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军事专家:中国可同时建造2艘航母 这为未来奠定基础

2018-07-17 08:43:38   环球时报 

原标题:李杰:中国可同时建造2艘航母这为未来奠定基础

军事专家:中国可同时建造2艘航母 这为未来奠定基础

“辽宁”舰首次大检修首艘国产航母舾装

两艘航母在大连造船厂“双舰合璧”

科报讲武堂

实习记者唐芳

据多家媒体报道,7月10日清晨,中国首艘航母“辽宁”舰接替国产首艘001A型航母进入大连造船厂的船坞进行维修,后者则出船坞进行舾装。这表明,中国两大航母首次在大连造船厂内“双舰合璧”。军事专家李杰告诉科技日报记者,“辽宁”舰入役后首次大修以及首艘国产航母舾装时长均为一年左右,届时,首艘国产航母将进行多次海试并正式交付中国海军。

李杰表示,定期检修对于航母重新焕发战斗力极其重要。根据国外经验,一艘航母的大修、中修、小修等维修时间占据航母全寿命的三分之一。小修可能直接在码头进行,中修和大修一般在船坞进行。一次大修时长约在半年至三年之间,一般来说,常规动力航母可以在两年内完成,通常一年左右即可;核动力航母的检修时间可能长达三年,因为核动力装置的维修更复杂,时间相对更长。航母一旦进坞检修,重大军事演习和训练需要暂停进行。

李杰在接受媒体采访时曾表示,在经历了高强度的训练和海上复杂气象和海况的洗礼,加上长期以来海水对舰身的腐蚀,此时对“辽宁”舰各系统进行一次全面检测非常有必要。

“辽宁”舰从下水、入列至今近6年时间,10余次往返南海,面对海上的温度差、盐度差等各种复杂海况,在如此长的高强度训练和风雨淋晒之后,航母的几个大系统、几十个中系统和几百个小系统的各部件有可能会产生锈蚀、磨损和毁坏,还可能存在一些隐患等,好比汽车跑一定的公里数或到了一定的年份要进厂检修一样,航母也要每6年—8年进行一次全面检修,更换部件或维护保养,这是一项非常重要也很艰巨的任务,因为这是我国第一次检修航母,需要边运行边摸索和总结经验。

李杰指出,“辽宁”舰原来甲板前部有一块装设苏联反舰导弹的钢板,改装时焊接了国产钢板,6年时间里,舰载机在两种不同材料焊接成的甲板上进行高强度起飞和降落,高强度撞击后甲板是否有变化;海水和海风是否对其产生侵蚀;船底与海水长期接触,是否附着大量海生物,影响航速或者侵蚀破坏船底油漆;动力系统中,锅炉内壁长期炙烤有无脱落或毁坏。这些可能出现问题的重点部位都将进行认真检修和维护保养。

今年5月13日至18日,国产首艘001A型航母完成首次海上试验任务后返回大连造船厂,近日已经离开船坞进行舾装工作。李杰认为,001A型航母的舾装或将于一年左右完成,这意味着首艘国产航母届时将成为一艘完整的航空母舰;舾装工作完成后还将进行多次海试,海试合格后方可正式交付中国海军。“将新装阻拦索和喷气挡板等起飞系统和拦阻系统,电缆和管线等线路设施,调试雷达等航电系统,还可能安装武器系统。接着,将对航母的各个子系统进行调试和联试,最后进行整舰海试。”

“两艘航母在大连造船厂的‘双舰合璧’表明,我国航母建造能力进一步增强,可以同时建造、舾装和维修两艘航母,这为将来建造和发展更新更好的航母奠定了坚实基础。”李杰说。(科技日报北京7月16日电)

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