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中国太空计划超俄赶美 仅用20年就成世界第二

2017-11-23 00:44:27   参考消息

参考消息网11月23日报道 美媒称,到本世纪中叶,中国的核动力飞船将定期往返于行星际空间,在遥远行星和小行星上的采矿殖民地之间运送工人。中国仅用了20年就建立起有理由说是世界第二先进的太空计划,仅次于美国。美国战略分析人士警告说,中国在太空领域的进展有可能很快对美国的全球军事优势构成威胁。

据彭博社网站11月21日报道,就外太空的商业未来而言,中国不只与美俄政府竞争。真正的竞赛是与灵活的私营企业,比如美国太空探索技术公司和蓝色起源公司竞争。

资料图片:美国太空探索技术公司8月14日发布的照片显示,“猎鹰9”火箭搭载“龙”飞船从美国佛罗里达州肯尼迪航天中心发射升空。新华社发

报道称,较之于中国,美国的太空计划的确似乎停滞不前。自1972年最后一次登月以来,美国人就离开了近地轨道。国际空间站——有史以来最昂贵的科学仪器——利用不足,重返月球的总统计划在过去20年举步维艰。更糟糕的是,由于预算,同时也是考验国会中关键支持者的耐心,美国航空航天局(NASA)当下建造新火箭和乘员舱把美国人送出地球轨道的行动拖延了多年。

报道称,与此同时,中国在2003年成为第三个用国产火箭实现载人太空飞行的国家。它在太空运行一座小型空间站并策划了探测器登月。中国还着眼于更为雄心勃勃的目标,包括收回月球样本任务以及建造和运行载人空间站等。如果美国领导的国际空间站不被置换和延用至2024年以后(目前没有这个计划),中国的空间站将是人类在太空的唯一前哨。

不过目前,最具创新性的太空旅行研究已经转移至私营部门,尤其在美国。太空探索技术公司的商业火箭不仅降低了发射到地球轨道的成本,它们还是本世纪20年代末之前把人类送往火星的更大火箭的前身。

同样,就在上月,杰夫·贝索斯的蓝色起源公司成功试验了新型火箭发动机,它会有助于从2020年开始在月球表面建立永久驻地。中国的目标是在2020年赶上美国的火箭技术。此外,私营的比奇洛航天公司正计划在5年后把一个充气太空居住舱送入月球附近的轨道。

报道称,值得注意的是,这些私营部门取得的成就远早于NASA的长期规划,并且低于NASA的预算。据NASA的一项声名狼藉的研究结果说,它需要17亿至40亿美元才能研发出太空探索技术公司的“猎鹰9”号火箭。而太空探索技术公司只用了3.9亿美元。

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责任编辑:任冲 CN062、陈倩 CN030
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