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独创利器!中国海上钻井平台“蓝鲸”称霸深海

2017-11-10 13:18:59   海外网

大国崛起,重器先行。近年来,中国科技创新和重大工程建设取得丰硕成果,捷报频传。在中国海上,全球最大的海上钻井平台“蓝鲸2号”即将迎来首航,这是中国独创的深海利器,全世界望尘莫及。

资料图:“蓝鲸1号”。(图源:网络)

“蓝鲸2号”与“蓝鲸1号”是姊妹船,是中国第七代钻井平台,同属“蓝鲸”系列。蓝鲸是地球上最大的动物,海上钻井平台取名“蓝鲸”寓意着它将成为代表人类海洋工程领域最高科技水平的平台。有“流动的国土”之称的海上钻井平台,体现着一个国家的整体工业实力和发展方向。十年前,中国还完全没有自主制造海上钻井平台的能力,而现在,不仅能够自己制造,而且领先全球。

海上“巨无霸”

“蓝鲸1号”整个钻井平台长117米、宽92.7米、高118米,从船底到钻井架顶足足有37层楼高,净重超过43000吨,7万吨排水量比“辽宁舰”航母的满载排水量还要大。2万多个探测器、5万多个感应报检点、4万多根精铸管路遍布平台,“蓝鲸1号”本身就是一台超大型智能机器。

“蓝鲸2号”最大作业水深3658米,最大钻井深度15250米,适用于全球95%的深海作业,世界上其他海洋石油装备都不能与之匹敌。“蓝鲸2号”要完成18天的远航,至少需要20桶重达4吨的机油,4500桶重达765吨的柴油,这样的装载能力,让“蓝鲸2号”能够承担各种复杂作业,它装载的设备有27000多台,比普通钻井平台多出一倍。

多个“世界首创”

“蓝鲸1号”最大钻井深度15240米,比地球上最深的马里亚纳海沟还要深。电缆拉放长度达120万米,相当于从北京到上海的距离,代表了目前人类在海洋工程领域的最高水平。最让世界惊艳的是“蓝鲸1号”的双钻塔系统。据了解,通常的钻井平台都是一套钻井系统。而“蓝鲸1号”却拥有中国独创的双钻塔系统。过去只用一个顶驱钻井,需要接一会儿,停下来,再钻一会儿。钻井越深,需要的管子就越长,顶驱接管时间也就越多。现在双钻塔同时工作,一边打井、一边接管,钻井效率至少提高30%。这也是世界首创。2017年5月18日,国土资源部部长姜大明在中国南海神狐海域作业的钻井平台“蓝鲸1号”上宣布,“中国首次海域天然气水合物试采成功!”当时全球最大、作业水深最深、钻井深度最深的海上钻井平台“蓝鲸1号”首次出海,就实现了中国在可燃冰开采领域“零”的突破,累计采气60万立方米,创造了产气时长和总量的双世界纪录。

全球领先的定位系统

“蓝鲸1号”装载了全球领先的定位系统。茫茫大海上,这一定位系统如同“定海神针”,通过精确的电脑计算,感应水流、风速、浪潮,精准调整8个螺旋桨的运行速度和方向。任凭狂风巨浪,平台在海上的漂浮距离都能固定在数米之内,保证钻杆稳定作业。在南海可燃冰开采作业中,首次出海的“蓝鲸1号”经受住了12级强台风的考验。

“蓝鲸2号”的推进器一共有8个,它们是确保“蓝鲸2号”能够在15级飓风下屹立不倒的定海神针。“蓝鲸2号”还在全球范围内首次实现了在码头安装推进器。过去,这样的安装只能在深海完成,仅安装费就需要1000多万元,现在,中国人把安装成本降到了十分之一。

先进的防沙技术

全球90%以上的可燃冰混合在海底泥沙中,不少国家在试采时因海底泥沙堵塞钻井通道而被迫停止。“蓝鲸1号”采用“地层流体抽取”“天然气水合物二次生成预防”等一系列新技术,实现了海底水、沙、气的有效分离,让黑黝黝的可燃冰变得“白净”。

“蓝鲸”系列是中国“称霸”深海的利器。全球领先的海洋科技实力使中国一举实现了海洋工程的新跨越。(中国南海网姚凌)

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