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“复兴号”上的黑科技:往返一趟京沪省电5000度

2017-09-29 04:36:12   科技日报

列车的智能化传感系统,将所有数据采集到网络系统中,信息采集精度高,在重要监控点,数据记录精度最高达到微秒级。“这也使‘复兴号’达到了1秒钟记录100万个数据的惊人能力。”陶桂东说。

“复兴号”从北京到上海跑一趟,单程1318公里,记录的数据达300多兆。相比之下,73万字的《红楼梦》所占数据空间仅有1.7兆。

值得一提的是,“复兴号”的网络控制系统首次引入了高速以太网数据传输和维护网络,传输带宽由1兆级提升到了100兆级。如果说以前是“乡间小道”,现在则是宽敞的“高速公路”,借助以太网,车辆大容量数据得以高速实时传输,列车的故障诊断和检修维护更加安全可靠、智能。最令人骄傲的是,“复兴号”网络控制系统,硬件和软件都是自主研发,实现了完全自主化的突破。

安静客室外加一把“安全锁”

乘坐“复兴号”更放心,这是因为除具备失稳检测、烟火报警、轴温监控、受电弓视频监视等安全防护功能外,“复兴号”动车组加装了一把“安全锁”。

“‘复兴号’首次应用被动安全技术,即通过增设碰撞吸能装置,提高动车组的被动防护能力。”丁叁叁说。

被动安全防护,也就是当列车发生碰撞时,碰撞吸能单元通过有序变形吸收碰撞能量,保障乘客区域不变形,冲击减速度可控,为乘员提供安全保障。这相当于为列车加了一把“安全锁”。

丁叁叁告诉记者,“复兴号”的碰撞防护系统,设计吸能容量达6.8兆焦,这一指标达到国际领先水平。

在世界高速列车领域,被动安全防护是一项技术“制高点”。碰撞防护系统结构极为复杂,设计难度大。中车四方股份公司研发团队经过两年的攻关,自主开发了碰撞防护系统。

乘坐“复兴号”,你还会发现相互间说话不用提高嗓门了,这是因为“复兴号”有一个非常优良的降噪指标。根据测试,当“复兴号”以时速350公里高速运行时,客室噪声最大仅为65分贝,远远优于70分贝的“优”等线。

“设计初期,研发团队给自身定了一个苛刻的目标,即客室噪声比国内外既有动车组降低3分贝以上。”陶桂东告诉记者。

优化动车组的结构,包括新型流线型车头、平顺化的车顶受电弓、全包型式的车端风挡等,以此降低气动噪声;应用新型隔声材料;进行降噪控制。试验期间光牵引软件就进行了80多个版本的降噪优化,最终实车试验时,车内噪声最多降低了4—6分贝,比研发团队的预期目标更优。

一个安静的客室环境就这样营造出来了。

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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