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侠客岛:中国为何突然关停比特币交易平台?

2017-09-16 09:12:59   侠客岛

与此同时,一大批“虚拟货币”跟风轮涨。2017年以来,莱特币价格上涨476%,瑞波币价格上涨54倍,以太币价格上涨13倍。

如此受追捧,名字里还带个“币”字,虚拟货币真能如那些自由主义者所愿,与法定货币并肩吗?

本质

抛开花哨的概念,我们可以对照法定货币的基本职能,去认识比特币等虚拟货币。

作为一般等价物,货币的基本职能是:价值尺度、流通手段、支付手段、价值贮藏、世界货币等。我们一条一条来看:

首先,暴涨暴跌的虚拟货币,缺乏明确的价值基础,难以发挥价值尺度和流通手段的职能,最终只能沦为投机的工具。

再从货币信用上看,像中国、美国这些主权国家发行货币,依赖的是国家信用和黄金储备等标准,而虚拟货币的“信用”基础是数学算法。

这意味着什么?今天这个币的算法严密,那这个币的安全性可能就高一些,明天那个币的算法存在漏洞,或者被黑客攻破,就很有可能导致投资者的资产受损。事实上,在币圈,比特币被盗是常事,因而其贮藏的功能也无法实现。

此外,新算法层出不穷,新型虚拟货币也就层出不穷。那这些虚拟货币之间、虚拟货币和法定货币之间如何兑换?显然,目前还无好的解决办法。

更严峻的问题在于,货币种类一多,交易成本就会上去。而虚拟货币的匿名性和不可追溯性,又将增加货币政策的监测难度。这样一来,不受监管的虚拟货币,很容易变成跨境洗钱的工具。

这样一种货币,又如何能称之为法定货币呢?

事实上,早在2013年,中国央行就指明,比特币为“网络虚拟商品”,不是法定货币。

近日,原中国央行副行长、现中国互金协会会长李东荣也指出:“虚拟货币不具有法偿性、强制性等货币属性。不能作为价值尺度和支付手段。”并且,他说,有确凿的证据证明,比特币及其平台被非法活动所利用。

乱象

既然不过是一个虚拟货币,为何央行又要如此重视、下狠手?

原因很简单,比特币正日益成为各类违法犯罪活动的“帮凶”,潜藏社会风险。

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