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1978年52名首批赴美留学者背景解析

2017-08-11 10:33:41   海外网

郭懿清回忆说,这50人的名单是经过反复挑选后确定的。如果不能说这50人的成绩是最拔尖的,那么至少可以说,在全国统考中,他们的成绩都是非常出色的。他们的外语成绩基本过关,专业水平在这个年龄段中是拔尖的。后来加上的张恭庆、姜伯驹,是“文革”后北大最先破格提拔的副教授,当时被视为中国数学界的未来之星。

有一点不言自明,这52名赴美学者没有一个是走了后门的,完全靠成绩和业绩证明了自己。

52人中,来自北京大学13人,清华大学9人,来自中国科学院不同院所12人。这三大单位共有34人,将近总数的2/3,充分显示了它们在中国高等院校和科研单位中的重要地位。

52人中,4人来自上海,4人来自天津,其余的都工作在北京。他们中年龄最大的是协和医院的吴葆桢医生,49岁;最年轻的是清华大学教师崔国文,33岁。他们的平均年龄41岁,都是教学和科研骨干,都以访问学者身份向外派出,学科范围集中于理工农医。

在最初确定的50人中,有中共党员14人,团员1人。他们中间,石双惠、陈俊亮、龚祖埙、龚荣枢、王序昆(女)、沈显杰、岳曾元等7人曾经留学苏联,有过留学经历。吴德炎、童坦君、岳曾元有研究生学历,崔国文正在读研究生。

50人中,担任大学教研室副主任、党支部书记、副所长职务的6人,工程师1人。大部分人职称不高,是大学的普通讲师、助教,研究所的助理研究员、实习研究员和工厂技术员。这是“文革”十年停止了职称评定和晋升造成的。

进一步认识首批赴美学者

首批赴美学者非常珍视来之不易的留学机遇。二机部第五研究所年轻助理研究员吴源陶立即向远在上海的父母报告喜讯。年过七旬的父亲吴曦春于11月13日赋诗一首示儿:捷报飞临喜欲狂,题名金榜渡重洋。宏开四化明其短,精研群科取其长。百尺竿头须进步,三年海角好争光。双亲虽老还欣看,学就归来利国强。

将这52人放到具体环境中加以认识,可以发现他们的信念和努力非同一般。

“文革”是一个疯狂排斥知识的年代。知识分子在“文革”中被称作“臭老九”,一项可怕的惩罚就是禁止他们从事科研而代之以日复一日的简单体力劳动。但这52人,都在“文革”艰难岁月里孜孜不倦、见缝插针地寻觅时间学习和搞科研。他们中的许多人在“文革”中自学了英语。有的人,如张恭庆、姜伯驹已在数学研究中取得优异成绩;有的人,如陈俊亮为研制卫星的系统工程作出了贡献。

“文革”还是一个奉行血统论的年代。一个人如果家庭出身“不好”,这种深深的“原罪”就会伴随他的一生,大学的大门就基本上对他关闭了。这种沉重的社会压力甚至使许多坚强的人也不得不放弃努力。然而,分析这52人的家庭出身,一多半出身于“非劳动人民家庭”,他们中的相当部分人,如吴葆桢、柳百成等,在“文革”前就被指责为走“白专道路”。他们中的10多人对笔者坦言,如果没有“文革”的终结,没有改革开放,没有公开的选拔考试,他们一辈子都不会走出国门留学。

再看教育背景,他们绝大多数毕业于中国最著名的高等院校,如北京大学、清华大学、中国科技大学、南开大学、浙江大学、协和医学院等。

将他们的学历列表研究,看到了一个有趣现象:他们的小学上得五花八门,很不规范,个别是在家中接受启蒙教育,这和他们不少人在抗日战争中上小学有关。他们的初中教育显得规范一些,主要在大城市完成。然而他们的“高中现象”引人注目,笔者共获得了41人的资料,除二三人未能判定其高中学校的质量外,其余都在比较或非常知名的高中读书,这为他们考入中国最优秀的大学打下了基础。(钱江)

责任编辑:韩佟 CL1368
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