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器官移植条例出台十年:多部门相关职责亟须明确

2017-06-27 04:04:04   新京报

“器官运输涉及交通部门,对器官捐献者的救助涉及民政部门,接受器官移植手术患者的报销涉及社保部门。”侯峰忠说,器官捐献和移植事业的发展需要条例明确各部门的职责,承担相应工作。

去年,国家卫计委、公安部、交通运输部、中国民航局、中国铁路总公司、中国红十字会总会联合印发了《关于建立人体捐献器官转运绿色通道的通知》。

这是我国在器官捐献和移植事业上联合下文涉及部门最多的一次。“绿色通道”的建立起到立竿见影的作用,大量的器官不再浪费在路上,挽救了更多人的生命。

在侯峰忠看来,器官捐献和移植涉及的问题非常广,各个部委联合下文之前沟通时间长、流程多。如果解决每个问题都要以联合下文的方式,这样的效率与目前器官移植和捐献事业的快速发展是不符合的。

自2015年我国停止使用死囚器官作为器官移植的供体来源后,我国器官捐献事业发展速度进入了“快车道”。黄洁夫对记者表示,2015年我国实现了2776例捐赠,2016年4080例,而今年或将增加至5500-6000例。

12省份出台地方性救助政策

“每一个器官捐献的案例,背后都是一个家庭的不幸。”侯峰忠说,器官捐献者几乎都是因突发意外或突发疾病过世的。有的家庭为挽救孩子,倾家荡产。有些捐献者家庭面临巨额医疗费,有着“上有老、下有小”的生活困难。

记者了解到,在捐献工作中,对捐献者的医疗欠费、丧葬补贴,对捐献者家属的误工补贴、困难救助,以及对捐献工作的保障和激励等费用支出始终是绕不开的问题。

2012年5月,深圳打工妈妈袁德珍在半年内接连失去丈夫和儿子。她做出决定:将自己脑死亡的11岁儿子田干的所有器官及遗体捐献出来。田干手术费用总计五六十万元,欠费近6万元。对此,红十字会通过专项救助资金和社会募捐帮忙筹集。

在实践中,许多地方出台了针对器官捐献者家庭的一些扶持政策。

2012年,浙江省率先出台器官捐献者人道救助系列政策,对需要由捐献者自付的医药费,将争取由有关部门设立的大病补助、贫病减免等专项经费支持解决;在南京和重庆等地,人体器官捐献者可获免费殡葬服务。

然而,各地由于经济发展水平、医疗技术力量、财政和社会支持力度等的差异,各自的政策标准不一,迫切需要在国家层面出台规定,对各省工作的开展起示范引领作用,同时也弥补开展器官捐献工作经费的不足。

记者了解到,早在2012年,中国红十字会总会也委托有关方面开展了这方面的课题研究,各省份也进行了积极的探索实践。

据不完全统计,到2016年7月,上海、天津、广西、湖南、湖北、贵州、江西、山东、浙江、辽宁、河南、重庆等12个省(区、市)出台地方性救助政策:由红十字会成立器官捐献的基金,多渠道筹集资金,给予捐献者家属医疗补贴、殡葬补贴、误工补贴、生活困难救助、上学救助、大病救助等方面的支持。

侯峰忠认为,这与地方领导的重视是分不开的。修订条例明确相关部门的职责:需要的经费保障哪里来?对捐献者的殡葬优惠政策和困难捐献者家属扶持怎么保障?这都需要条例明确对捐献者的殡葬优惠政策和对其家庭扶持政策。

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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