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中国首次向全球公布可重复使用火箭方案(图)

2017-06-08 15:59:43   央视新闻客户端

就在不久前,著名的美国探索公司刚刚完成了一次里程碑式的发射。即首次成功发射一艘重复使用的龙飞船,并且再次实现了运载火箭一级的陆地回收。此前,这家来自美国的民营航天企业也曾实现了回收火箭的再次发射升空,这让人们相信依靠可回收航天技术,可以大幅度地降低进入空间的成本。不过,在一场关注低成本航天的讨论中,中国的火箭专家却表示,实现低成本,重复使用并非唯一出路。

中国航天科技集团一院长征七号运载火箭总指挥王小军:比如通过箭上系统的优化,我们可以减少25%的传感器使用,特别是那些昂贵的传感器。而长征七号的平均发射成本仅比长征二号F火箭略高。

在没有大幅增加成本的情况下,长征七号实现了比长征二号F系列火箭,运载能力提升70%左右,可靠性也显著提升,这正是因为长征七号在设计之初就融入低成本化的理念。而另外一型中国运载火箭也通过独特的设计,让进入空间的成本进一步降低。快舟1号甲火箭使用固体推进机,发射准备时间短,对发射场的要求低,让航天发射更加便捷。虽然它的运载能力只有200公斤左右,但针对现在蓬勃发展的微小卫星,它能够让发射成本降低到每公斤3万美元,而国际上同类火箭的发射成本是每公斤4万美元左右。接下来,研制人员还要把这样的火箭做得更大。

中国航天科工集团四院第九总体设计部主任段祥军:快舟11号直径两米二,运载能力一吨左右,这个火箭的设计主要是根据商业航天的市场需要定的。

优化设计,贴近市场需求,改进管理,中国运载火箭正在通过多种有效手段,降低进入空间的成本。而事实上,中国的火箭研制人员也一直在可重复使用航天器领域进行着适合本国国情的探索。

中国航天科技集团一院副院长王国庆:有的同志提出的伞降的方式,我们可以准确地控制残骸的落点。我们也做了一些可重复使用技术的试验,目前这些还处于预先研究阶段,相信不久的将来,我们自己的可重复使用火箭,一定会飞上天。

责任编辑:杨晓晨 CN067
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