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31省市区印发盐改方案 盐业政企分离年底前完成
2017-05-19 03:34:55 经济参考报
食盐业在我国一直以来都是实行专营制度,这项制度主要由国务院1990年发布的《盐业管理条例》以及1996年发布的《食盐专营办法》进行规范与调整。按照上述文件,国家对食盐实行定点生产制度,对食盐的批发实行批发许可证制度。食盐的批发业务,则由各级盐业公司统一经营。
在专家看来,过去隐藏在中国食盐流通行业“暴利”的表象背后的,是长期以来政企不分,盐业监管机关和经营者混为一体并由此带来种种问题的体制缺陷。武汉大学竞争法与竞争政策研究中心主任孙晋此前在接受记者采访时表示,实行食盐专营制度的主要目的在于确保食盐安全和战略储备,这一制度本身无可厚非,但在现实运行中却产生了巨大偏差,甚至出现盐业公司非正常纵向垄断食盐市场的不合理现象,使食盐业运行背离制度的应然状态。而在绝大多数省、市、区里,盐务局和盐业公司是“一套机构,两块牌子”,形成事实上的“利益共同体”,造成了盐业公司参与甚至代行盐政管理和执法的政企不分、以企代政的直接后果。
去年4月,国务院印发《盐业体制改革方案》,从2017年起放开所有盐产品价格,取消食盐准运证,允许现有食盐定点生产企业进入流通销售领域,食盐批发企业可开展跨区域经营。专家表示,从指定区域内的独家专营,变为跨区域的多元主体共同竞争的行业专营,是盐业改革一大特点。行业专营的参与主体增多,区域限制被取消,盐业公司可以跨区域经营,生产性企业也可进入流通环节,竞争会非常激烈。经过市场优胜劣汰,会形成一批集研发、生产、销售于一体的盐业综合集团,出现若干个享誉全国的知名品牌,同时国际竞争力也有望增强。
责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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