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内蒙古:70年沧桑巨变,奋进在民族区域自治的光辉道路上

2017-05-01 13:17:53   新华网

1945年9月中旬,中共中央派出20余名中央委员和候补中央委员、20000多名负责干部、11万主力部队开赴东北地区并且成立中共中央东北局。时隔不足一月,中共中央指示刚刚组建的东北局:“在目前我党控制热察、发展东北、取得华北优势的方针下,内蒙在战略上具有极重要的地位。适当解决民族问题,不但关系到内蒙民族本身的解放,而且能够建立我党我军巩固的后方及与苏蒙军取得直接联系的有利地位。”同日,中央书记处发出《对内蒙工作的意见》,更为缜密地提出:“对内蒙的基本方针,在目前是实行区域自治,首先从各旗开始,争取时间,放手发动与组织蒙人的地方自治运动。”

当时的蒙古族群众渴望当家作主(资料图片)

根据中共中央的一系列决策部署,11月8日、9日,晋察冀中央局两次驰电请示:成立内蒙自治运动联合会,由乌兰夫同志负责,为将来成立内蒙自治政府做准备。中央书记处翌日即复电:“同意先成立内蒙自治运动联合会,宣布纲领,发动广大蒙民,准备将来建立内蒙自治政府的方针。”

仅仅半个月后,11月25日至28日,乌兰夫同志就在张家口主持召开内蒙各盟旗代表大会。大会决定成立内蒙自治运动联合会,作为统一领导内蒙古自治的领导机构。

自治运动联合会成立后,面临着如何统一东西部自治运动的问题。12月,乌兰夫同志派以刘春同志为团长的工作团赴东部,开展东西蒙统一工作。1946年4月3日,内蒙自治运动联合会和东蒙人民自治政府各7名代表在热河省承德举行正式的统一会议。会议在乌兰夫同志主持下,经过热烈的讨论、细致的工作,最后一致通过了《内蒙自治运动统一会议的主要决议》。这就是内蒙古历史上著名的“四·三”会议。

“四·三”会议结束了内蒙古东西部地区长期分裂隔绝的状态,实现了蒙古族以及内蒙古各民族力量的统一和团结,同时也为内蒙古自治运动和革命斗争的健康发展,为内蒙古自治政府的建立奠定了基础。“四·三”会议从理论和思想上解决了内蒙古自治运动的方向和道路问题,确定了中国共产党对内蒙古自治运动的领导地位,标志着内蒙古地区的革命斗争和蒙古民族解放运动进入了一个新的历史时期。

此时,伟大的中国人民解放战争已经开始。东北战场上,战马萧萧,炮声隆隆。1946年11月18日,中共中央东北局西满分局根据内蒙古地区形势发展和东北战场的格局,向中共中央提出建立内蒙自治政府的建议。

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