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北京高法解读劳动仲裁标准:未休年假应获3倍报酬

2017-04-25 09:56:37   中国青年网

带薪年休假能否落实受到不少职工的关注。在4月24日发布的《解答》中明确,劳动者应休未休的年休假天数,可获得日工资收入的300%年休假工资报酬,其中包含用人单位支付职工正常工作期间的工资收入(100%部分)及法定补偿(200%部分)。

一直以来,各法院和劳动仲裁机构在审理“未休假工资报酬”时,对此定性并不相同。北京市高级人民法院民一庭法官金曦介绍,此次明确了“未休带薪年休假工资报酬差额(200%部分)”为“经济补偿金”,而非“劳动报酬”。

统一定性后,因此引起的最大变化是仲裁时效的变化。记者了解到,在北京地区,未休年假工资报酬认定为“经济补偿金”性质后,计算仲裁时效是自劳动者知道或者应当知道权益受到侵害之日起一年,超时效后不在保护范围。假如某职工未休2014年年假,按照《北京市职工带薪年休假条例》,可延迟一年休假,但如果到2015年12月31日仍未休假,那么仲裁时效从2015年12月31日起计算,到2016年12月31日满一年,在此期间劳动者可以申请2014年的未休假工资报酬,过期则不再支持。而此前,一些裁判部门将此类案件定性为“劳动报酬”,按照有关规定,仲裁时效是从双方解除或终止劳动关系一年之内计算。

加班费不得只计“基本工资”

对于很多职工来说,加班是家常便饭,那么究竟该如何计算加班费基数呢?

《解答》中显示,如果劳动合同没有明确约定工资数额,或者合同约定不明确时,应当以实际发放的工资作为计算基数。用人单位按月直接支付给职工的工资、奖金、津贴、补贴等都属于实际发放的工资。加班费计算基数应包括“基本工资”“岗位津贴”等所有工资项目,不能以“基本工资”“岗位工资”或“职务工资”单独一项作为计算基数。

企业调整员工岗位不能太“任性”

“‘饭碗’是我给你的,我想调岗就调岗”——现实中,有不少用人单位在调整职工岗位时颇“任性”。

“此次明确,用人单位调整劳动者工作岗位时,需分情形处理。”金曦介绍,原则是劳动者工作岗位不得随意变更,要保持一贯性、预期性;鼓励约定岗位,明确约定如何变动岗位。同时要求调岗应当合理,即必须要审查调岗的必要性、正当性、可行性。

据介绍,双方劳动合同中未约定或未明确工作岗位的,用人单位根据生产经营需要合理调岗,属于自主用工行为,“判断是否合理,可以参考用人单位经营必要性、目的正当性,调整后的岗位为劳动者所能胜任,工资待遇等劳动条件无不利变更。”

如果合同中明确约定工作岗位但未约定如何调岗的,在不符合《劳动合同法》第四十条所列情形,即没有出现劳动者因病因工伤无法从事原工作、劳动者不能胜任工作或者合同订立时所依据的客观情况发生重大变化等情况下,用人单位自行调岗的属于违约,给劳动者造成损失的应予以赔偿,参照原岗位工资标准补发差额。

“不交社保约定”于法无据

据了解,法院在审理案件时发现,有些劳动者要求用人单位不缴纳社会保险,后又反悔,以“未上保险”为由提出解除劳动合同并要求经济补偿。对此,金曦说,此次明确,依法缴纳社会保险是用人单位与劳动者的法定义务,属于公法范畴,即便是因劳动者主动提出的,当他再主张经济补偿时,法院仍支持劳动者。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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