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中国重型火箭发动机技术攻关获突破 载力或世界最大

2017-03-03 08:26:04   新华社

新华社北京3月2日电(记者白国龙、姜潇)我国重型运载火箭研制工作已正式启动先期关键技术攻关、方案深化论证,目前火箭发动机技术攻关已取得突破性进展。

“火箭的运载能力有多大,航天的舞台就有多大。”全国人大代表、中国航天科技集团公司六院科技委主任谭永华说,当前,世界航天强国纷纷重启重型运载火箭研制计划,欧洲、日本、印度竞相推进新型大运载火箭研究论证。与此同时,中国航天人也加紧研制自己的重型运载火箭。

长征5号重型火箭

中国航天科技集团公司一院总体部主任设计师秦旭东说,我国重型火箭先期关键技术攻关、方案深化论证工作于2016年6月正式批复立项,主要的攻关内容为“一总三大”:一总即重型火箭的总体技术和方案优化;三大即10米级大直径箭体结构的设计、制造和试验,480吨大推力的液氧煤油发动机,220吨大推力的氢氧发动机。

目前,两种大推力发动机的攻关进展顺利。谭永华说,480吨级液氧煤油发动机已经完成了首次发生器-涡轮泵联试,试验达到了预期目的,通过试验验证了发动机系统和组件方案的可行性,标志着480吨液氧煤油发动机研制关键技术攻关取得突破性进展。而220吨级高性能氢氧发动机也已完成了多个组件方案详细设计,进行了组件的研制试验工作。

此前国家航天局副局长吴艳华曾介绍,我国重型运载火箭拟命名长征九号,计划在2030年左右实现首飞。

秦旭东说,相比直径5米的大火箭长征五号,重型运载火箭长征九号的研制难度更大,要求更高。

“火箭大到一定程度后,很多事情变得复杂起来,比如做常规的模态试验,以前长征五号是把火箭悬吊起来做的,但重型火箭就没法吊起来,它太大了,这就是我们要攻关的内容。”秦旭东说。

谭永华介绍,长征九号重型运载火箭方案设计的推力超过3000吨,近地轨道运载能力达100吨以上,地月转移轨道运载能力50吨以上,可满足未来载人登月、火星探测和更远的深空探测需求。如果首飞成功,有望成为全世界运载能力最大的火箭。

责任编辑:刘伟 CN067
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