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致远舰水下考古成果发布:提取文物200余件(组图)

2016-12-30 09:42:55   央广网

藏于水下的沉船见证着当年海战的惨烈:在清理过程中,穹甲板以上船体部位荡然无存。舰体的绝大部分区域发现有火烧的痕迹,从周边抛撒的钢板、木质船板、锅炉零件等物品,可推测发生过剧烈爆炸。

考古队在三年里共发现(提取)文物200多件,大多是船体构件、船员生活用品及武器配件,其中包括盘心有“致远”二字的餐盘、铜加特林机枪、57毫米哈乞开司炮的肩托和炮弹壳,还有一个单筒望远镜,物镜上刻有致远舰大副陈金揆的英文名字。大副是致远舰上官职仅次于舰长邓世昌的重要人物。这也成为证实沉船身份的又一有利物证。

图为“吕义泰白铜寿纹水烟袋”,缺水斗、吸管。外筒上下口沿云雷纹,中腹团寿纹。烟仓内盖上刻有“汉镇吕义泰刘盛”字样。宽8.8,残高8.8,单筒径4.1厘米。“丹东一号”水下考古队供图

在考古工作结束前,为了避免海水对铁质舰体的侵蚀,水下考古队对致远舰采取了牺牲阳极的保护措施,也就是在舰体加贴锌块,通过定期更换,减缓海水的侵蚀。这是我国水下考古作业中的一项创新。

加特林机关枪的铭牌尚存。“丹东一号”水下考古队供图

周春水告诉记者,未来对致远舰的研究仍将继续。“首先,通过对舰结构的了解,可以还原当时的造舰技术;第二,通过致远舰的发掘,了解舰艇、武器,促进对世界舰艇史的研究;第三,更现实的意义是,中国沿海有很多这种大范围的沉舰区,对水下考古、对大型沉舰如何去研究、调查,具有积极意义。”

“丹东一号”(致远舰)水下考古成果,是我国水下考古史上的一项标志性成果,我国由此开启了近代沉舰水下考古工作的新篇章。2016年5月,它被评为2015中国“十大考古新发现”。这艘清代沉船是榜单中最年轻的考古项目,它打破了考古界“古不考三代以下”的惯例。

中国社科院学部委员刘庆柱说,它是日本曾侵略中国的物证。过去有这种说法,“古不考三代以下”,但从现在的观点来说,考古学不但要考“三代以下”,在欧洲甚至有垃圾考古学、工业考古学。如果不通过考古学,怎么找到致远舰,怎么证明甲午海战,怎么证明日本侵略过中国。”

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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