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《中国交通运输发展》白皮书(全文)

2016-12-29 21:31:42   新华网

60多年来,中国交通运输总体上经历了从“瓶颈制约”到“初步缓解”,再到“基本适应”经济社会发展需求的奋斗历程,与世界一流水平的差距快速缩小,部分领域已经实现超越,一个走向现代化的综合交通运输体系正展现在世界面前。

二、综合交通运输体系建设

经过多年改革发展,多节点、全覆盖的综合交通运输网络初步形成,“五纵五横”综合运输大通道基本贯通,一大批综合客运、货运枢纽站场(物流园区)投入运营,运输装备发展不断升级,运输服务水平显著提升,科技创新和应用实现重大突破,交通运输市场体系、管理体制和法规体系不断完善。

(一)基础设施网络

多层次的铁路网基本形成。截至2015年年底,全国铁路营业总里程达12.1万公里,规模居世界第二;其中高速铁路1.9万公里,位居世界第一。以高速铁路为骨架、以城际铁路为补充的快速客运网络初步建成。全国铁路复线率和电气化率分别达到53.5%和61.8%。横跨东西、纵贯南北的大能力通道逐步形成,物流设施同步完善,逐步实现了货物运输直达化、快捷化、重载化。

广覆盖的公路网建立起来。截至2015年年底,全国公路通车总里程达457.73万公里。高速公路通车里程达12.35万公里,位居世界第一。国省干线公路网络不断完善,连接了全国县级及以上行政区。农村公路里程达到398.06万公里,通达99.9%的乡镇和99.8%的建制村。路网技术结构不断优化,等级公路里程占公路总里程的88.4%。

初步形成干支衔接的水运网。截至2015年年底,全国港口拥有生产性码头泊位3.13万个,其中万吨级及以上泊位2221个,煤炭、原油、金属矿石、集装箱等专业化泊位达1173个,港口大型化、深水化、专业化、自动化水平进一步提升。内河航道通航里程达12.7万公里,等级航道占52.2%,高等级航道达标里程1.36万公里,长江、西江、京杭运河等航道通航条件不断改善,初步建成了以“两横一纵两网十八线”为主体的内河航道体系。

民用机场体系基本成型。截至2015年年底,全国民航运输机场达210个,初步形成了以北京、上海、广州等国际枢纽机场为中心,省会城市和重点城市区域枢纽机场为骨干,以及其他干、支线机场相互配合的格局。空管设施建设不断加强,2015年保障飞机起降达到856.6万架次。通用机场加快发展。机场轨道交通和机场快速通道加快建设,机场与其他交通运输方式的衔接更加紧密。

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