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中国外汇储备两年骤减近万亿美元 央视释疑钱去哪了

2016-12-29 07:59:23   央视新闻客户端

其次是欧元资产。

据中金预测,欧元资产约占中国外汇储备的19.6%,低于其在全球外汇储备中20.4%的占比。近年来,尽管欧洲债务危机阴云未散,但中国似乎逐步提高了外汇储备中欧元的权重。英镑约占中国外汇储备的10.6%,高于4.8%的全球基准。

英国公投退出欧盟已经导致欧元和英镑贬值明显。根据中金的权重估计,欧元和英镑的汇率变动或已给中国外汇储备带来了约574亿美元的账面损失。

此外,日元在中国外汇储备中是低配的,约占3.1%,低于4.1%的全球基准。

年初至今年7月,日元已累计升值14.6%,这给中国外汇储备带来了约151亿美元的账面收益。

中国金融期货交易所研究院首席经济学家赵庆明认为,中国大概有1万亿美元的非美元资产,按照所有的非美货币3%的贬值幅度来算的话,差不多造成300亿美元的账面损失。

因此,从货币构成来看,当前中国外汇储备的减少,并不一定是外汇资产的真实减少,其他货币计价的外汇储备资产由于汇率对美元贬值,最终该资产换算成美元后贬值。由于美元资产占了大部分,这些美元计价的证券价格的变动也是影响中国外储的重要原因。

藏汇于民造成外储减少

今年以来,人民币对美元汇率已累计下跌超过6%。由于美元升值明显,很多境内企业和个人选择持有外汇资产,这种“藏汇于民”也消耗了大量外汇储备。

央行最新数据显示,中国11月银行结售汇逆差334亿美元,较上月的146亿美元逆差扩大逾一倍,且为连续第17个月出现逆差。分析人士指出,11月美元持续走强、人民币快速贬值,导致购汇意愿更加强烈,是导致结售汇逆差扩大的最主要原因。

去年8月,央行有关负责人解释当月外储下降原因时分析称,无论是央行在外汇市场进行操作,向市场提供外汇流动性;还是外汇储备委托贷款项目在8月份进行了一些资金提款,其都在很大程度上反映为境内其他主体持有外汇资产的增加,这意味着企业、居民和金融机构的资产配置更加丰富,这是我国“藏汇于民”战略的体现,有利于促进国际收支平衡。

外汇储备多少合适?

值得注意的是,在2014年外储逼近4万亿美元大关时,大家讨论的是“外储太多了怎么办?”而且官方声音也认为,外汇储备不是越多越好。

中国黄金集团首席经济学家万喆表示,2014年8月开始全球的储备都在下降,跟中国的时点基本是一致的。在这两年回调过程当中,外汇储备规模实际上是顺应国家的经济结构的变化,所以是件比较正常的事。万喆认为,从国际收支和覆盖债务的角度进行估算,保守估计两万亿美元左右应该是一个比较充分的水平。

中行首席研究员宗良指出,1993年中国外汇储备只有212亿美元,后来最高达到4万亿,现在还有3万亿。从纵向看,中国外储的规模还是相当大。从横向的角度去看,世界上其他的国家外汇储备都没有中国多。即使把现在的总额减半只剩下1.5万亿美元,也比其他国家多。“腰斩都不急,现在就更不急。”

不过,著名经济学家李稻葵认为,若外储跌破3万亿美元,会有较大风险。因为这会使人民币汇率进一步承压,进入恶性循环,形成自我实现的贬值预期。外汇市场上很多交易者、投资者,其实搞不清经济和金融的基本面,主要看一些宏观外汇数据,所以形势比较严峻。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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