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对于“雷某”案的评论应当回归事实、法律和理性

2016-12-26 20:56:39   正义网

邢某某等人的行为已经造成一人死亡结果的发生,还能够被不起诉吗?他们岂不是没事了吗?我想这里面有几个问题需要澄清:一是根据法律规定,“死亡一人”只是认定构成玩忽职守罪的基本条件,对应刑期为“3年以下有期徒刑”,属于轻罪,显然与“故意杀人致一人死亡”等恶性犯罪不可同日而语。二是检察官具有客观义务,具体而言,在进行法律评价时,检察官应当同时考虑对行为人有利或不利的各种情节、因素,并在综合评价的基础上作出判断,而非简单的把人“一棒子打死”。本案中,也确实存在一些从宽情节,例如,多因一果的存在、五名犯罪嫌疑人具有较好的认罪悔罪态度,以及雷某自身存在违法、过错行为等而这些从宽情节必然会在检察机关进行起诉必要性裁量过程中产生影响。三是本案所作的实际上是“定罪不起诉”,即检察机关已经认定邢某某等人构成了玩忽职守罪,只是由于犯罪情节轻微,可以不予刑罚处罚才作出的不起诉决定,并非“无罪”认定。对于邢某某等人而言,刑事责任可免,但行政处罚或处分则难逃,据检察机关通报的情况,目前已对公安机关发出检察意见书。这一文书,就是用来要求公安机关给予被不起诉人行政处罚或处分的法律监督文书。

三、邢某某等人的行为是否构成其它犯罪

案发后,被害人家属委托的诉讼代理人陈律师一直坚称邢某某等人构成了故意伤害罪、渎职罪和帮助毁灭、伪造证据罪,根据检察机关披露的案件事实,我对上述观点实在是不敢苟同。

(一)邢某某等人的行为不构成故意伤害罪

罪名的判断、区分所依据的应当是对四个犯罪构成要件(主观、客观、主体、客体)的综合分析、比对,而非仅就危害后果论。所谓“故意伤害罪”,是指故意非法伤害他人身体,达到轻伤以上严重程度,应受刑法处罚的犯罪行为。它要求,行为人在主观上具有不法侵害他人身体的故意(可以是积极追求,也可以是放任危害结果的发生),在客观上实施了不法侵害行为、达到一定严重程度,侵犯了他人的人身权。

但就本案而言,无法认定邢某某等人的行为构成故意伤害罪。一是邢某某等五人的行为整体上应评价为执法过程中的控制行为,其执法活动具有合法正当性前提,而非暴力殴打行为。其控制行为是为了实施抓捕和制止雷某的抗拒行为,保证执法活动顺利进行,而非不法侵害雷某的身体。二是邢某某等人主观上是过失心态。邢某某毕竟还是有开车将雷某送医抢救等事实行为的,可见其对雷某死亡结果的发生持否定态度,因此主观上属于“过失”,而非“故意”。三是司法鉴定意见已经明确了雷某的死亡原因,可以排除被殴打致死等其它的可能原因。四是邢某某等人的行为虽然导致了雷某死亡,但最终受到最大侵害的是国家机关的正常活动和声誉。

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