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媒体六问雾霾:京津冀污染源真的是蒙陕晋吗?

2016-12-21 05:53:57   新京报

3抗雾霾是不是只能“等风来”?

清华大学教授王书肖表示,污染的产生不是一时一日,污染的治理也难一蹴而就。京津冀区域正处在工业化和后工业化过程叠加的时期,燃煤、工业、机动车和居民生活排放量都处于高位,大气污染防治任务还很艰巨。王书肖说,目前京津冀区域的污染治理仍处于第二阶段,污染的发生发展受风速、湿度、边界层高度等气象条件影响明显。特别是在冬季采暖期间污染物排放强度大的情况下,一旦气象条件不利,就可能形成重污染。

“但京津冀本地污染物排放强度大,才是重污染天气高发的根本原因。”王书肖表示,要彻底改善环境空气质量,必须坚持不懈地推进污染物减排工作,天不帮忙的时候,人就要更加努力。公众既要对区域联防联控应对重污染天气有信心,也要对大气污染治理的长期过程有耐心。

4风力发电减弱风力,无法吹散雾霾?

中国气象科学研究院徐祥德院士说,国内外的相关研究认为,发展风电对局地风速虽有一定影响,但影响的范围非常有限。丹麦科技大学和清华大学的研究结果表明,风电场对下游几公里到几十公里范围的地面风速有明显影响,但超过100公里之外,影响可忽略不计。

以北京为例,北京距离内蒙古400多公里,距离张家口约200公里。所以内蒙古和张家口地区的风电不会对北京地区风速产生显著影响。

5治理空气污染只能拿车开刀?

北京工业大学教授程水源表示,根据北京市大气PM2.5污染源解析结果,在PM2.5的本地污染源贡献中,机动车排放占比为31.1%,燃煤占22.4%,工业生产占18.1%,扬尘占14.3%。可以看到在本地污染源中,机动车排放的占比最高,因此北京市重点控制机动车污染是十分必要的。

“但控制机动车排放仅仅是治理空气污染的一个环节”,程水源说,北京市在治理大气污染方面还实施了很多其他重要措施,包括大力压减燃煤、民用散煤清洁化、燃煤小锅炉和“散小乱污”企业的淘汰治理、建筑施工扬尘管控等。

此外,京津冀及周边地区各省市也实施了大气污染防治强化措施,持续推进散煤清洁化替代、燃煤小锅炉“清零”工程、“散小乱污”企业关停淘汰任务、重点行业污染治理、强化机动车污染防治等措施,取得了积极成效。

6重污染不断,京津冀空气治理没效果?

中国工程院院士、清华大学教授贺克斌表示,2013年,北京的PM2.5年均浓度为89.5微克/立方米;2014年PM2.5年均浓度为85.9微克/立方米,比2013年下降4%;2015年PM2.5年均浓度为80.6微克/立方米,比2014年下降6.2%。

“监测数据反映了京津冀区域大气PM2.5浓度在逐年下降”,贺克斌说,从空气质量优良天数比例来看,今年北京、天津、河北的优良天都比去年小幅增加。今年春夏时节,大家在朋友圈中“晒蓝天”的频次明显高于前几年,公众也切身感受到了空气质量的改善。

贺克斌同时认为,入冬以后重污染天气频发,大家更强烈地感觉到了反差。这也表明,下一步还要继续强化京津冀区域冬季污染防治工作,特别是民用散煤清洁化、燃煤小锅炉和“散小乱污”企业的淘汰治理,把京津冀区域冬季采暖期间的污染物排放强度也降下来。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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