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人民日报专访万科总裁:楼市不存在“崩盘”风险

2016-12-12 08:31:05   

第三个标准,就是不要因为房地产行业的暴涨形成资产泡沫,从而给国家造成金融风险。

价格是市场的风向标,房价也体现着房地产市场的健康水平。那房价如何变化才是最理想的呢?

“在中国,有房的人还是大多数。住房是家庭一生最大的消费,也蕴藏着一个家庭最大的财富。如果房价下跌,大多数人并不会得益。当然,房价过快上涨也会带来不少问题。”郁亮觉得,如果一座城市的房价能随着居民收入的增加实现温和上涨,增速又比居民收入的增速略低,应该是最理想的选择。

“刹车”不能踩太久,光调控需求还不够

要建立长效机制,让普通人住上好房子

“‘刹车’不能踩太久,光靠需求侧调控也远远不够。”在郁亮看来,房地产业要实现长期健康发展,关键在于利用踩“刹车”后的宝贵时机,建立长效机制、增加有效供给。对此,郁亮给出了具体建议:

——建立土地多元化供应制度,增加土地供给。

“现在大中城市盖楼,最大问题是土地供应量不足。表面上看,这些城市能用于开发建设的土地确实很少了,但往深里分析,也与土地供应制度有关。”郁亮认为,过去城市发展起步阶段,土地强制收储、政府“一个口子”供地的方式曾经发挥过重要作用,但在目前,存量土地渐成主流,征收拆迁成本大幅提高,“地拆不动,就供不出来”。他建议,我国可以探索建立土地市场多元化供应制度,允许让有土地一方根据规则跟买地的人谈、让市场主体自行谈判交易,从而提高存量土地流转效率、快速增加有效供给,“这也将从根本上缓解供需矛盾、遏制房价的过快上涨。”

——通过政策倾斜,提高居住用地比例。

“在东京、巴黎、伦敦等很多城市,工业用地占土地供应的比例仅为6%左右,国内城市却往往在百分之十几以上,由此也挤压了住宅用地比例。”郁亮告诉记者,像北京、上海、深圳,居住用地占城市建设用地面积的比重不足东京的一半,“厂房建得再多、GDP做得再大,企业员工买不到、买不起房子,也不利于城市的长远发展。因此,未来土地用途应该更多向住宅倾斜。”

——完善相关标准,提高土地使用效率。

“按今天的建筑技术水平来讲,容积率是可以提高的。在寸土寸金的城市里让楼往高空发展,完全能把土地节约出来。”郁亮坦言,目前的行业标准对容积率的要求还有些保守。此外,有些建筑业中的技术标准还是上世纪50年代延续下来的,与现实不相适应。比如,一些城市依然要求,冬至或大寒那天,屋内日照时间要超2个小时。“作出这个要求,是因为那时大多数老百姓家里没有暖气。但现在取暖条件改善了,2小时日照也可以没有啊。”郁亮补充道,随着机械通风技术的成熟,也不一定非得要求明厨明卫,“要让更多普通人有便宜房子住,这些影响房间布局、推高建设成本的要求其实可以研究作出改变。”

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