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生育、医疗保险合并将启动 拟于2018年全面推开

2016-12-06 03:32:05   每日经济新闻

生育、医疗保险合并将启动 拟于2018年全面推开

600亿结余基金支出压力大增

人社部社保所医疗保险研究室副主任董朝晖梳理了合并实施面临的问题:生育保险基金单设,基金收支平衡压力是否过大?费率叠加,灵活就业人员参保积极性在多大程度上受到影响?待遇(医疗+津贴)直接并入,按原医疗保险费率筹资,医保基金收支平衡是否有压力?居民医保参保人员是否享受津贴待遇?部分待遇(医疗)并入,按原医疗保险费率筹资,生育津贴待遇如何筹资?合并实施涉及的一系列管理问题。

上述专家向《每日经济新闻》记者介绍,合并最核心的问题是资金,生育假延长、二孩政策放开等,都会使生育保险基金的支付压力大增。

新修订的《人口与计划生育法》取消了对晚育的奖励假,规定符合法律、法规规定生育子女的夫妻,可以获得延长生育假奖励或者其他福利待遇。

2016年11月,国家卫计委家庭司司长王海东在人口与发展高级资讯会上表示,条例修改后,有19个省(区、市)生育假奖励的天数有所增加,增加天数最多的省份为海南省,增加了75天。

同时,针对二孩政策的放开,孙洁算了一笔账:生一个孩子享受6个月假期,生两个孩子就享受12个月,这样一来,生育津贴的支出不敢说翻番,也会增长很快。

人社部发布的《2015年度人力资源和社会保障事业发展统计公报》显示,2015年全年生育保险基金收入502亿元,支出411亿元,分别比上年增长12.5%和11.8%。2015年末生育保险基金累计结存684亿元。

很显然,与社保中其他“四险”相比,生育保险基金的结存最少,一旦出现支出量增大,基金被穿底的风险较大。

孙洁认为,生育津贴的扩大支出,会给生育保险基金造成很大压力,滚存结余的600亿元基金也许很快会被消化掉,生育保险基金也会因此穿底。

孙洁称,生育保险并入医保后,生育津贴是否需要以另外一种方式来解决,即不从生育保险基金中支出。从目前政策设计看,只有参保的城镇职工享受生育津贴,城乡居民没有。下一步,生育津贴如何切分、如何支出,都是一个大问题。

为此,人社部社保所医保研究室主任王宗凡提出,放开二孩政策、产假延长及国家其他人口政策的调整对合并后的基金冲击不可小视,课题组将在研究中认真考虑。

“生育保险的对象主要是城镇职工,现在覆盖面较小,未来合并后所有医保覆盖的人群都可以纳入进来。”上述专家说,这样可以扩大生育保险的征缴面,如果仍旧不够可能就需要当地财政补贴。

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060、丁勇 CN007
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