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空军是新中国成立后建立的新军种。朱德同志十分关心空军建设。他说:“空军能不能建设好,掌握技术是关键。在一定意义上,技术决定一切。”“只有掌握了技术,才能战胜敌人,不然就要被敌人所打败。”在他的关心下,还训练组建了女飞行员队伍。1952年3月8日,朱德同志和邓颖超同志一起主持了我国第一批女飞行员首飞典礼。当天6架草绿色的苏式里—2飞机冲上蓝天,在空中组成梯队,由东向西飞过天安门广场上空。这时,毛泽东同志走出中南海的办公室,兴奋地对身边的人说:“看,我国第一批女飞行员驾驶的飞机在我们的头上飞过了!”新中国成立初期,海军建设虽然有一定的基础,但仍然比较薄弱。朱德同志指出:“中国过去不是没有海军,但却没有真正的海防。”“今天我们保卫国防的第一项重大任务就是防守海岸线,保卫领海。”朱德同志始终关心支持海军的发展,1974年,88岁高龄的朱德同志还登上军舰出海检阅了北海舰队。
朱德同志关于发展手工业和农业多种经营的观点,为我们党对中国社会主义建设道路的探索作出了积极贡献。1952年底,党中央提出了过渡时期总路线,逐步实现对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业的社会主义改造。根据总路线要求,朱德同志提出要“大力组织手工业生产合作社”和“把手工业者组织起来,走社会主义道路”的主张。在朱德同志的大力推动下,从1953年到1954年,手工业合作化工作进步很大,社员人数从近30万发展到100多万,生产总值增长了一倍多。中央档案馆保存着朱德同志的日记,有80多本。从日记中看,朱德同志曾先后多次就手工业发展问题听取地方和部门同志的汇报,提出手工业要为农业和出口服务的思想。1981年,党的十一届六中全会通过的《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》,在总结我们党领导社会主义建设的重要经验时指出,“朱德同志提出了要注意发展手工业和农业多种经营的观点”。这是对朱德同志在推动我国手工业和农业发展方面作出的重要贡献的充分肯定。
朱德同志非常重视调查研究工作。他认为要了解情况,必须一切从实际出发,实事求是搞调查研究,掌握第一手资料。从档案文献看,仅1951年到1966年,朱德同志就向中央和中央领导同志提交了108份调研报告,其中有98份报告是他亲自写的和主持起草的。朱德同志调研的地域非常广泛,他的足迹遍及祖国大陆除西藏、宁夏外的所有省份,是第一位到海南岛调研、提出开发海南岛建议的中央领导人。朱德同志十分注重深入系统的调研。为了解我国钢铁工业情况,他曾详细视察过首钢、鞍钢、武钢、本钢等大型钢铁企业,多次给中央写报告,帮助企业解决实际问题,为推动我国钢铁工业发展作出了重要贡献。朱德同志开展调查研究始终坚持尊重群众、依靠群众,注重倾听群众意见。他曾说过:“我们一切力量都出于群众身上,一切办法也都由群众创造出来……我们没有别的本事,我们的本事就只有同群众密切结合在一起。”朱德同志这种实事求是、全面深入、联系群众的调研作风是值得我们认真学习和大力倡导的。
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