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王刚:朱德同志一些档案文献的回顾

2016-12-01 13:36:53   

人民爱戴的总司令

——关于朱德同志一些档案文献的回顾

王刚

今年是朱德同志诞辰130周年。朱德同志为民族独立和人民解放、国家富强和人民幸福事业不懈奋斗,建立了不朽的历史功勋,深受全党全军全国各族人民爱戴和崇敬。毛泽东同志称赞朱德同志是“人民的光荣”,这是党对朱德同志的最高评价,是人民对朱德同志的最高评价。我这里主要是通过一些档案文献的回顾,缅怀这位世纪伟人的丰功伟绩,学习他的伟大品格和崇高风范。

一、革命战争年代功勋卓著

在革命战争年代,朱德同志身经百战,历尽艰险,在重大历史关头发挥了重要作用,作出了不可磨灭的贡献。

八一南昌起义打响了武装反抗国民党反动派的第一枪,标志着中国共产党独立领导革命战争、创建人民军队和武装夺取政权的开始。朱德同志参加领导了南昌起义,在起义后为稳定军心、保留革命火种起了重大作用。1927年8月1日凌晨,周恩来等同志领导发动了南昌起义,占领了南昌城。起义成功后,由于敌我力量对比悬殊,起义部队按照原定计划撤出南昌,朱德同志担任第九军军长。起义部队南下潮汕后,主力部队遭遇严重挫折。朱德同志率领的部队同前敌委员会失去了联系,孤立无援,处境极度困难。这时有人提出解散队伍。在这危急关头,是解散队伍,还是把队伍保存下来继续进行革命斗争,这对起义队伍特别对领导人来说都是生死攸关的考验。这个时候,朱德同志以无比坚定的革命信念和大无畏的革命精神,担负起了领导责任。他把起义队伍集合起来,进行动员讲话。他十分坚决地说:“我是共产党员,我有责任把‘八一’南昌起义的革命种子保留下来,有决心担起革命重担,有信心把这支革命队伍带出敌人的包围圈,和同志们团结一起,一直把革命干到底!”朱德、陈毅同志在行军途中适时对队伍进行了三次整顿,使南昌起义保存下来的这支部队得到了巩固,士气开始高涨。陈毅同志后来回忆这一段情况时说:“当时如果没有总司令领导,这个部队肯定地说,是会垮台的。”“朱总司令在最黑暗的日子里,在群众情绪低到零度,灰心丧气的时候,指出了光明的前途,增加群众的革命信念,这是总司令的伟大。”朱德同志带领队伍冲破千难万险,转战湘粤赣边,为人民军队保存下来一支十分珍贵的革命火种,这是朱德同志伟大的历史性贡献。

井冈山斗争创建了中国第一个农村革命根据地,开辟了农村包围城市、武装夺取政权的革命道路。这条道路,是在毛泽东同志的领导下,同朱德等同志一起,把马克思列宁主义基本原理同中国革命具体实际相结合走出的正确道路。道路决定命运。中国革命正是沿着这条道路,经过长期艰苦奋斗取得胜利的。井冈山道路的开辟,是毛泽东、朱德等同志对中国革命的伟大贡献。关于井冈山时期的历史,中央档案馆保存着多篇重要历史档案,如毛泽东同志的《井冈山的斗争》、朱德同志的《从南昌起义到上井冈山》、陈毅同志的《关于朱毛红军的历史及其状况的报告》等。从这些档案文献看,1928年4月,朱德同志带领南昌起义部队改编的工农革命军第一师和湘南农军,与毛泽东同志率领的湘赣边界秋收起义部队在江西省宁冈县砻市会师。何长工同志在回忆毛泽东同志和朱德同志在龙江书院会面的情景时说:“朱德同志抢先几步迎上去,毛泽东同志也加快了脚步,早早把手伸出来。不一会,他们的两只有力的大手,就紧紧地握在一起了,使劲地摇着对方的手臂,是那么热烈,又是那么深情。毛泽东同朱德同志这次历史性的会见,是我党我军历史上光辉的一页。”这次胜利会师,大大增强了井冈山革命根据地的力量,点燃了农村包围城市、武装夺取政权的燎原烈火。朱德同志在《从南昌起义到上井冈山》一文中写到:“从此在毛主席的直接领导下,我们这支工农红军的主力就日益发展、壮大和坚强起来了,在巩固和发展井冈山革命根据地的斗争中,取得了许多重大的胜利。”1973年12月21日,毛泽东同志在他的住所会见参加中央军委会议的人员,朱德同志也应邀前往。毛泽东同志看见这位老战友,动情地说:“红司令,红司令你可好吗?”朱德同志高兴地说:“我很好。”毛泽东同志接着又说:“没有朱,哪有毛,朱毛,朱毛,朱在先嘛。”从中可以看出毛泽东同志和朱德同志在长期革命斗争中结下的深厚友谊。

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