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中国艾滋病现状:超三成感染者未被发现

2016-11-29 04:33:14   新京报

在中国的一些地方,老年HIV感染者的数量也在持续增长。“老人同样有性需求,但保护意识更淡薄,尤其是在相对落后和贫穷的地方。”中国疾控中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心治疗室副主任赵燕指出,老年人群体需要更多的正确引导和健康教育。

应对

提供个性化预防、治疗解决方案

性行为紊乱者、同性恋伴侣、静脉吸毒者等都是HIV感染高危人群,也是我国HIV防控的重点环节,这部分人的感染风险明显高于一般人群。联合国艾滋病规划署在新报告中建议,为每一个生命阶段提供适宜的艾滋病预防和治疗解决方案。这意味着针对不同人群需要提出“个性化”预防与治疗解决方案。

姜天俊指出,艾滋病疫苗的研制始终未能成功,更多的研制工作正在全球展开,多个国家的科研机构相继投入了新的候选疫苗研制,我国的HIV疫苗也已完成II期临床实验。但是,在尚无有效的疫苗可用的情况下,加大艾滋病防控宣传、彻底切断HIV传播途径,避免沾染HIV的高危行为,将是预防艾滋病的最有效方法。

对于普通人群而言,需要了解艾滋病的主要传播途径,从而能有效规避风险。

对于HIV感染的高危人群,除了加强针对性宣传外,还应让他们知道必要的防护措施。

对于已经确认感染的人群,应积极检测,早期治疗,有效阻断疾病发展。

对于合并严重并发症的晚期艾滋病患者,应先控制好相关并发症,再开始实施抗病毒治疗。

艾滋病“隐形人”应及早被发现

在各级政府的大力支持下,疾控部门和医疗机构采取了很多措施,来提高对“隐形感染者”的发现能力,比如同伴动员、自愿咨询检测门诊(VCT)、一站式服务和绿色转诊通道等,来鼓励高危人群早检测、早发现、早治疗,改善预后,降低传播。

但是,姜天俊指出,这部分人的检测覆盖率还不令人满意,目前仍有约32.1%的HIV感染者没有被发现,这样对感染者本人很不利,可能会错过最好的治疗时机,同时对感染者的家人和朋友也非常不利,不加防范,会增加周围亲朋感染的可能性。

科学研究证据显示,知道自己感染了HIV后,风险行为会减少。赵燕指出,及早发现感染情况,除了能减少风险行为,越早发现治疗机会也越大,效果会越好。

在国家支持社会组织参与艾滋病防治基金项目、北京市卫计委专项经费、北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心专项经费支持下,11月26日,北京首家青年健康中心成立。青年健康中心将通过对校内社团、志愿者开展培训、组织讲座、同伴教育、检测推广、治疗转介等活动,依托医疗机构,专门为在校大学生和校外青少年开展积极有效的健康干预工作,包括为青年及其他目标人群提供规范化艾滋病性病检测、关怀、随访等。

误区

中科院院士、解放军第302医院感染性疾病诊疗与研究中心主任王福生指出,在老百姓中间,对艾滋病的感染和传播存在着一些误区或者说认识的不正确。

不能结婚不能生小孩

王福生:患者通过有效的抗病毒治疗,规范服药能够使病毒的复制几乎检测不到,而且这个药对胎儿的发育几乎没有影响,所以年轻的女性或者男性被病毒感染以后,是可以结婚的,也可以生一个健康的小孩。

试纸可以检测艾滋病

王福生:社会上卖的一些检测试纸只能做初步了解,不能作为确诊的依据,要到正规的医疗单位检测艾滋病毒抗体是不是阳性,在这个基础上再检测有没有病毒复制,再结合患者的临床症状、体征和病史,最后给患者下结论。

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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