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官方回应北京雾霾现耐药"超级菌":对人体无害

2016-11-26 04:04:31   京华时报

该专家指出,细菌的耐药性和致病性是完全不同的概念。耐药性的增加不意味着致病性的增强。人体自身具有免疫力,这些细菌大多数对正常人没有致病力,甚至有些细菌是有益的。

“人类的总数比以前增加了许多,寿命越来越长,是显而易见的。”他说。

■焦点

耐药菌是什么,来自哪里?

北大基础医学院免疫系教授王月丹表示,论文中所说抗生素耐药性基因指的应该是带有耐药基因的细菌,而不只是带有耐药基因的质粒。如果只是基因的质粒,那么就不存在危险,因为它不是生物体,不会传播,也不会导致疾病。

王月丹说,耐药菌的来源有很多可能,比如医院,比如基因工程生产过程,甚至普通人的肠道里都存在耐药菌。

“污水处理厂可能是耐药菌产生的重灾区。”国家城市环境污染控制技术研究中心研究员彭应登表示,污水处理厂在处理人体排泄物时会产生挥发性气溶胶物质,不可避免会携带微生物,包括耐药菌。耐药菌就这样随着气溶胶进入大气。

“对于污水处理厂周边空气是否存在耐药菌,其数量种类有多少,目前并没有监测。”彭应登表示,只能说是最大可能来源。

空气中耐药菌危害何在?

“我觉得公众对这个事儿,没有必要恐慌。”王月丹说,因为细菌在空气中无处不在,耐药细菌也可以像其他细菌一样在空气中生存,甚至播散。“这再正常不过的了”。

“我们机体对抗细菌,主要还是依靠自身的免疫系统,而不是抗生素,细菌可以耐药,但不能耐受免疫系统。”王月丹说,耐药菌只是对抗生素产生耐药性,不会对人体免疫力产生破坏。

王月丹解释说,细菌进入人体后,会先“找房子”企图居住下来,但如果免疫系统工作,这些细菌就待不住,要么会被人体排泄出去,要么被其他菌群消灭,成不了“气候”。

耐药菌是否广泛存在?

王月丹表示,耐药菌在大气、水、土壤等自然环境中广泛存在,不只是北京或中国才有的现象,全世界都是如此。此次论文也声明,在抗生素耐药性基因的数量上,北京与美国的两个城市数量相当,只是种类更多一些。

“地球是一体的,没有世外桃源”。清华大学生命科学院副研究员付彦说,耐药菌的存在是普遍现象,只不过受人口密度不同、流动性大小等因素影响,不同地区在数量种类上有些差异。

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