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中国开启“速冻模式” !这股寒潮究竟哪来的?(图)

2016-11-22 07:19:55   央视网

另外,除了低温、雨雪外,上述降温地区还伴有4~6级偏北风,东部和南部海区风力有7~9级。强烈的低温,再加上雨(雪)水、大风作为“帮凶”,体感温度将更加寒冷,那种“酸爽”,想想都直哆嗦!

“冻哭你”的寒潮从哪来?

说到寒潮从哪里来,肯定有不少小伙伴张口就来:西伯利亚!因为在大家印象中,冷空气好像都来自那里。如在天气预报中,经常会听到“一股从西伯利亚来的冷空气前锋今天上午到达新疆北部……”这样的话。而寒潮作为冷空气中的最高等级,肯定也不例外。

这个答案说对也对,但不够准确。简单来说,寒潮不远万里来到中国,通常要经过三个“老窝”、一个“加油站”、四条“寻常路”。

三个“老窝”

其实是冷空气的三个主要发源地:一是冰岛以南洋面上,二是新地岛以西洋面上,三是新地岛以东洋面上。

这三个源地都在高纬度,常年受太阳光的斜射或很少见到太阳光,地面接收太阳光的热量较少,温度很低,如冬季北冰洋地区气温经常在-20℃以下,最低时可达-60~-70℃,1月的平均气温常在-40℃以下,可以说是冷空气良好的“生产基地”。

一个“加油站”

在这三个冷空气源地中,95%的冷空气都要经过西伯利亚中部地区,并在那里积累加强,可以说是冷空气南下的重要“加油站”,那里也因此被称为“寒潮关键区”。

所以西伯利亚的寒冷也可想而知,冬季寒冷漫长,大部分都在-20~-45℃,年均气温低于0℃。就在此次寒潮到达我国的前三天,西伯利亚的很多地方已经降到了-40℃以下。

四条“寻常路”

经过西伯利亚的“中转”后,来到我国主要有四条路可以走:

第一条路径称为西路,冷空气在北纬50°以南,基本沿自西向东方向进入我国新疆,然后沿河西走廊、青藏高原东侧南下;

第二条路径称为西北路(又称中路),冷空气主力经蒙古国中部到我国河套一带南下,直达长江中下游和华南地区;

第三条路径称为东路,冷空气经蒙古国东部移到我国东北、华北地区,然后从黄河下游扩散南下;

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