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俄武器制造商为何倾囊而出来珠海 因中国进步惊人

2016-11-04 09:19:56   中华网

11月1日,2016珠海航展隆重开幕,俄罗斯“勇士”飞行表演队当天用干扰弹“跳”起了绚丽的“空中芭蕾”。摄影:AK630

当然,今天不是对比中俄武装直升机之间的差距,毕竟俄罗斯的米-28“浩劫”和卡-52“短吻鳄”依然可以在当今世界最先进直升机排行榜上占据一席之地,笔者所感慨的是俄罗斯军工体系的衰落。因为在笔者看来,俄罗斯在把自己“家底”全部亮出之后,给人的感觉只有四个字——“江郎才尽”,以至俄罗斯展团于不得不将冷战时期苏联的各种军事“黑科技”印在宣传册上位自己撑场面。毫无疑问,冷战时代的军事“黑科技”在某种意义上依然代表着军工研制的最高水平。1991年独立的俄罗斯,正是依靠苏联时代的军工“遗产”,才能让俄罗斯依靠出售武器度过了那段不堪回首的困难时期。但是,这也成为俄罗斯整个军工体系失去的“黄金十年”。因为缺少俄军的武器采购,国外的武器订单对于庞大的俄罗斯军工体系而言只能说是杯水车薪。开工率不足,导致俄罗斯大量的优秀军工科学家流失,而那些经验丰富的高级技工也在十年蹉跎中年华老去。

于是我们看到的结果是,曾经对于苏联/俄罗斯的武器还是高山仰止的中国,对于俄罗斯军工技术还只能是望其项背的中国。在短短的十年间将中俄军工生产研制的之间巨大鸿沟迅速填平,更在很多方面已经超越俄罗斯。所以中俄之间的武器贸易额不断萎缩,从年交易额20亿美元的峰值,在2006年锐减到近乎为零,而且这种局面维持了数年之久。当然出现这种局面,除了中国军工的不断进步,俄罗斯很多武器系统已经无法满足中国的实际需求。虽然,苏-35战机、S-400防空导弹、“拉达”级潜艇等武器对中国还有一定的吸引力。但是在这段时间,由于石油价格的飙升,让俄罗斯有底气不再通过出售先进军工产品和军工技术以换取外汇和财富。所以,俄罗斯并不急于将自己最后的先进武器系统出售给中国。

11月1日,2016珠海航展隆重开幕,俄罗斯“勇士”飞行表演队当天用干扰弹“跳”起了绚丽的“空中芭蕾”。摄影:AK630

结果俄罗斯的拒绝,却激发了中国军工的无限潜力。通过消化1980年代中西“蜜月时期”所引进的的技师,以及对俄罗斯武器的逆向工程,终于让中国军工科技进入井喷时代。众多先进武器被研制出来,比如本届航展上首次亮相的歼-20,已经加入中国空军的运-20,神龙见首不见尾的直-20……这样的进步让人无法想象。要知道,从1990年中国引进苏-27战机,到2016年歼-20战机亮相珠海航展。不到30年的时间,中国的战机已经领先俄罗斯整整一代,在其他方面中国也形成了或正在形成对俄罗斯武器的压倒性优势,这种局面即便是最乐观的人也不敢想象会在数年里出现。

反观俄罗斯,在拒绝了向中国出口先进武器的请求后。其在国际武器市场中所依赖的依然是苏-30、苏-27、基洛潜艇等武器,吸引的不过是越南、阿尔及利亚等亚非国家。等到石油价格下降,同时因为兼并克里米亚遭到西方国家制裁之后。俄罗斯的经济再度陷于困境,俄罗斯发现那些老式武器的市场逐渐饱和。想要让中国继续购买俄罗斯的武器,就必须把当年拒绝向中国出售的的苏-35、拉达潜艇、S-400导弹等武器系统摆上货架。此时,俄罗斯才发现,这些当年中国趋之若鹜的武器,再也无法真正的吸引中国。虽然最后双方最终还是签署了武器采购合同和协议,但这更像中国对俄罗斯军工系统的一种施舍。因为中国是为了这些武器的某些关键系统进行的采购行为,比如为了矢量发动机购买苏-35。或许正是这为数不多的武器,还能在珠海航展上能够引起人们的关注。不然,俄罗斯规模庞大、修饰华丽的的展台,将成为其武器系统正在走向没落的最好的背景。

俄罗斯的武器制造商倾巢而出来参加珠海,或许能够换来巨额的军火订单。但是,未来俄罗斯还能靠这些逐渐走向“知天命之年”的武器系统充门面吗?

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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