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廉价药断供危及数十万患者 10元救命药黑市炒过万

2016-10-24 08:53:33   北京青年报

第三是医院、药店不爱进廉价药。尽管近年来廉价药纷纷涨价,但是其利润空间依旧在市场上缺乏竞争力。有消息称,0.51元一支的红霉素眼药膏将要涨到8元一支了,其新价格是原来的15.6倍,但是其利润空间仍拼不过几十元一支的进口眼药水。在我国医药养医政策不变的大背景下,医院尚未完全实行医药分开,医院在销售药品时,在进价基础上加价15%,用以“以药补医”。因此,价格低的药,同样的提成,中间商和医院获利就少,而高价药获利的比例就高,廉价药很容易被抛弃和忽略。

第四是在药品销售渠道上,中间环节层层盘剥也有不少。药品出厂之后首先要经过药品代理商,然后到医药公司手里,还得分解到多层的分公司,每一层都是靠药吃药的买卖,公司运营、人员工资都指着药品利润“雁过拔毛”。

第五是恶意竞争。尽管国家出台价格放开政策,但仍无法扭转的状况是,廉价药还会出现招标死,这似乎成了廉价药的“不治之症”。在药品招标采购时,小企业恶意竞争,有意降低价格,使得中标价格没有最低,只有更低,低于成本无法生存,中标企业只能放弃或者停止生产。一家大医院药房主任告诉北青报记者,医院常年使用的某个品牌的复方丹参滴丸今年掉标了,原因就是招标价格实在太低,企业无法投标,只能放弃北京市场的供应。

由此看来,一味涨价似乎并不是保护廉价药的“特效药”。中国医药企业协会、中国医药企业管理会会长于明德在接受采访时表示,涨价只能在一定程度上调动药企的生产积极性,假如药商不愿代理,药店不愿进货,医生不愿开药,这些廉价药也照样不能到患者手中。供图/视觉中国

拯救正在消失的廉价药刻不容缓

就中国的现状而言,老百姓吃饱吃好的问题基本上解决了。对当今的老百姓而言,未来最忧虑的事情之一就是医疗了。而说起医疗,其核心就是药品。“看得起医生,吃不起药”是大多数因病返贫的家庭的真实写照。所以药品价格虚高的问题不解决,广大人民群众的幸福感就无从谈起。很多家庭为了将来能吃得起药而改变经济计划,拼命存钱。

从另一方面说,低端药品的绝迹,使得不论是不是需要,医生都要开高端药,这给中国的社会保障体系造成了巨大的负担,可以说是一个小药牵动的经济大问题。

被长期临床应用证明能治病、治好病的大批廉价小药绝迹的一个重要原因是廉价药不赚钱。当放开价格也不能解决问题的时候,我们是不是应该回头找一找,我们什么地方做错了?

药是治病救命的东西,和普通商品有着根本的不同。这种牙膏没了我可以买那种,牙膏都没有的话我可以用牙粉,连牙粉也没了还可以用青盐,没有青盐不刷牙也死不了人,但是药品就不一样了。具体的药品对具体的病人就是必需品,所以一定不能以对待普通商品的办法来对待药品的生产和销售。

上世纪的后半叶,我国长时期处在粮食短缺的状况,国家用统购统销的办法渡过了难关。对过去一些行之有效的办法今天也应该可以借鉴。就廉价药品而言,除了控制药品的利润空间,有些国家采用强制性搭配的办法,就是生产一个高利润的药品要同时生产一定数量的廉价药品,以保证低收入人群的基本需求。

有些医院、药企一再强调廉价药的缺点和副作用,可他们忽略了在一些低收入群体中,廉价药是救命的唯一稻草。停止生产廉价药实际上就是剥夺了他们在副作用和生命延续之间的选择权。

在有关部门还没有能力把医药分开,还没有能力打破层层加价的中间环节的现在,多想想怎么拯救那些正在消失的廉价药,成了刻不容缓的重大民生课题。文/本报记者赵新培

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