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放牛娃捡到的一枚石斧 或将揭开三星堆创造者是谁

2016-10-18 06:38:40   华西都市报

“山路说”得从什邡桂圆桥遗址说起。2009年,什邡发现桂圆桥遗址,这是目前成都平原发现最早的新石器时代遗址,距今5100—4600年,早于三星堆一期(宝墩)文化。四川省文物考古研究院研究员赵殿增这样评价桂圆桥遗址,他说:“这是古蜀人进入成都平原的落脚点,也是前进地,更是巴蜀文明的起源地。”

此外,考古发掘的什邡南泉镇略早于三星堆一期(宝墩)文化的星星村遗址,略晚于桂圆桥遗址的静安村遗址,以及跨越桂圆桥遗址第一期、三星堆遗址一二三四期至西周春秋、汉代的什邡箭台村遗址,这些新石器时代文化遗址被认为孕育和演变为三星堆文化。

那么,桂圆桥的古蜀人从何而来?德阳市文物考古研究所所长刘章泽认为是翻越九顶山从茂县而来。刘章泽说,如果这条线路成立,那么传入路线具体为:茂县营盘山——桂圆桥——三星堆一期——三星堆文化。

四川省考古研究院研究员、三星堆考古工作站站长雷雨则认为是从川西北山区经通口河进入成都平原北部,然后再向南到达什邡地区。

“水路说”的专家们主要认为当时交通不便,川西北高原的古蜀先民都是在岷江河谷地带居住生活,因此他们逐水而居、顺水而下的可能最大。顺岷江而下到都江堰进入成都平原并一支进入宝墩,一支进入什邡。“水路说”的另一支认为不是走岷江而来,而是走涪江或土门河而来。而也有部分专家对沿岷江迁徙观点持不同看法,认为从目前的考古发掘来看,无法支撑。

阿坝州文管所所长陈学志表示,岷江上游新石器时代的遗存,目前考古发掘来看,只到了棋盘沟,漩口、映秀便没有找到任何线索,石棺葬也是如此。

不过,他也表示,是否是岷江河道改道,还未可知。

四川省文物考古研究院副研究员万娇也表示,从目前的考古发现来看,古蜀人从川西北高原通过都江堰进入成都平原的可能性非常小。

一大谜团

古蜀人最后魂归大山 三星堆古蜀王陵或在九顶山?

三星堆考古发掘30年过去了,发现了众多精美的青铜器和玉石器,也在周边发掘出了仁胜村墓地等,但迄今为止,都没有发掘到王陵。而通过这一柄石斧探寻到古蜀人到三星堆的迁徙之路,或将最终破解古蜀王陵的未解之谜。

四川省文物考古研究院研究员赵殿增表示,在三星堆古遗址区,考古人员在五六年的时间里,基本上是一米一个眼,但都没有出土器物,“两个祭祀坑感觉就是所有的存在。”

赵殿增说,估计王陵即便是找到了也没有什么器物了,“除了生活用具之外,所有的物料都拿来制作祭祀礼器了,把最大的财富都献给了神。”

“三星堆人是从山里来的,他们在这个地方祭祀祖先,祭祀天、山。”赵殿增说,考古也逐渐发现,蜀王真实存在,蚕丛在茂县,鱼凫则是在三星堆了,“和传说对得上。”

而刘章泽认为,如果九顶山迁徙路线的真实存在,那么寻找蜀王墓可能重点就要考虑九顶山了。

他说,从三星堆祭祀文化发现,有很多事反映古蜀人祭山的,“九顶山被认为是神山,如果蜀王去世,可能会葬回山里,因为他们从大山而来来,最后又回到大山。”

(华西都市报)

责任编辑:柯旺 CN044
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