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人民日报刊文谈认罪认罚"从宽":可促进司法公正

2016-09-05 07:57:30   人民日报

宽严相济体现司法进步(人民时评)

彭波

《人民日报》(2016年09月05日09版)

认罪认罚“从宽”,应限定在刑法规定的量刑范围内。试点开展这项制度,也应以维护社会公平正义为前提,而不能降低定罪证明标准

为进一步落实宽严相济的刑事司法政策,9月3日闭幕的十二届全国人大常委会第二十二次会议决定——授权在北京、天津、上海等18个城市开展刑事案件认罪认罚从宽制度试点工作,试点期限为两年。这项制度将对我国推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革产生重大影响。

刑事案件认罪认罚从宽,和一般理解上的“坦白从宽”略有区别。它是指,如果犯罪嫌疑人、刑事被告人自愿如实供述自己的罪行,对指控的犯罪事实没有异议,同意人民检察院量刑建议并签署具结书的案件,可以依法从宽处理。从宽处理成立的前提,不仅要求如实供认犯罪事实,还包括对惩罚措施的接受,而且需要和受害人谅解制度结合起来使用。换句话说,认罪认罚“从宽”并非没有边界,而是限定在刑法规定的量刑范围内。试点开展这项制度,应以维护社会公平正义为前提,而不能降低定罪证明标准。

认罪认罚从宽制度,是落实宽严相济基本刑事政策应当迈出的一步,对于缓解“案多人少”矛盾、优化司法资源配置、提高司法效率,效果不言而喻。而从司法实践来看,它对促进司法公正也有直接作用。尽管我国不少法律条款都有自首、坦白等规定,但缺乏一个内涵严谨、外延清晰的总体规定,也没有设置明确的审查机制,以致司法机关对犯罪嫌疑人是否“认罪”的认识不统一,对案件采取的从宽处罚措施和幅度也不统一,司法效果难免因人而异。而认罪认罚从宽试点有助于在实践中统一司法裁判标准,更好地保障犯罪嫌疑人、刑事被告人的合法权益。

宽严相济的关键,在于把握好从宽与从严的平衡。从司法效果看,实体上从宽,派驻法律援助值班律师等制度设计,更有利于保护犯罪嫌疑人、刑事被告人权利;而程序上从简,则是出于提高司法效率、降低诉讼成本的考虑。然而,这不意味着,被告人、嫌疑人认罪认罚,可以降低法院、检察院在审查案件事实、防范冤假错案、正确适用法律方面的责任。案件事实清楚、证据确实充分,是这一制度有效运转不可或缺的前提。正因此,严格的监督程序、明确的追责制度也是试点方案不可分割的一部分。当前,社会公众对这一制度仍有许多疑虑,比如会不会变成“花钱买刑”,怎么避免出现“被迫认罪”等情况,防止出现“权权、权钱交易”等司法腐败问题,这些并非杞人忧天。事实上,让从宽处理的司法导向由笼统含混走向具体清晰,正是这一试点的最大挑战,也是其价值所在。

认罪认罚从宽,是一种致力于多赢的制度设计,可以在不降低办案质量的同时有效节约司法资源,在彰显司法理性的同时更好保障司法人权,有利于修复社会关系,促进社会和谐。社会需要形成这种意识,即“认罪认罚从宽”并非嫌疑人、被告人的义务,而是他们理当拥有的一项权利,无论行使或放弃,都应获得制度的支持。全面把握这一制度的内涵,加深对我国刑事司法实际的理解,才能以务实的改革不断丰富发展司法理念,促进司法文明进步,进而推动全面依法治国的进程。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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