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特级飞行员揭秘航发产业:主战机发动机九成国产

2016-09-05 07:50:05   中国网

京华时报:军队能对航空发动机发展起到哪些作用?

吴国辉:军队是国产发动机主要用户,现在军队对发动机需求非常强劲和紧迫。中国航空发动机企业也希望能够生产出更多更好的性能先进、可靠性高的发动机保障军队的需要。可以说,双方既是供求关系,又是依存关系,是命运的共同体。

从军队来讲,重点做好三方面工作:一是科学提出军事需求。随着军队战斗力的提高,作战样式的转变,我军到底需要一些什么样的发动机,需要达到什么样的战技指标,需要发展到什么样的作战使用规模,这些都是航发产业发展的依据,军队要及时跟航空工业沟通,准确提出发展牵引,使航发集团明确自己的方向,科学规划发展路径。

二是多用国产发动机。发动机研制生产有一定风险,技术的成熟与稳定需要一个发现问题、完善改进的过程。对军队来说,当然希望或者要求发动机性能先进、质量稳定、安全可靠,还要便于保障,但最核心的还是安全问题。

如果发动机存在质量安全问题,对飞行安全、作战任务、作战效能就会产生直接的制约作用。飞行员将发动机称为“心脏”,他们在作战训练中什么都不怕,就怕发动机出毛病。不仅是生命安全的威胁,而且需要面临挽救战鹰与跳伞逃生的两难选择。但总体上,军队对国产发动机是有信心的,盼望新一代战机都能装配国产新型发动机。对在部队战备训练或者作战使用过程中暴露出的问题,都能及时采集和科学分析,并且向发动机工业部门准确反馈,共同研究,有效解决,从而不断提高发动机工业水平。


资料图:中国航空发动机

三是主动参与新型发动机的研发。军方,特别是飞行员,对发动机的技术发展潮流与使用规律十分敏感,具有天然的第一手优势。因此,军方要密切跟踪、掌握世界先进发动机领域新技术、新潮流,主动参与,和航空工业部门一起来共同研究军事需求、设计原理样机、研究试验方法、确定技术标准、监督研制质量、提出改进建议,共同推进新型发动机的研发,走出军民融合式研制新型发动机的路子。

京华时报:航空发动机完全实现国产化的意义是什么?

吴国辉:航空发动机相当于是整个航空产业腾飞的引擎,战机打胜仗的心脏。同时,它又是一个技术性、竞争性非常强的产业,对空军的转型发展与作战胜利,对整个航空工业的升级换代将具有重要作用。这个战略性意义,对国家安全、航空产业,甚至中国制造业水平的提高来说,不亚于“两弹一星”、载人航天等重大科技成果的价值。

京华时报:在发展道路上,军用发动机跟民用是否会有所侧重?

吴国辉:从发动机的使用规律来讲,过去先进发动机通常优先在军用领域使用。但随着航空的快速发展,现在世界先进发动机集团,市场份额主要在大量民用机上,大推重比、节能、环保、安全与自动控制的新型发动机日益在民用客机上运用,高超声速、新循环体制新型发动机则主要在军机上运用。航发集团建立以后,除了突出满足军用以外,也会注重满足民机的发动机使用需求。只有军用、民用两翼齐飞,才能迎来中国航空发动机的蓬勃发展。

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